Effects of calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia as a live food on the growth, survival and fatty acid composition of larvae and juveniles of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Zooplankton constitutes a major part of the diet for fish larvae in the marine food web, and it is generally believed that copepods can meet the nutritional requirements of fish larvae. In this study, calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia, rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and anostraca crustacean Artemia sp. were analyzed for fatty acid contents, and were used as live food for culturing larval Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The total content of three types of HUFAs (DHA, EPA and ARA) in S. poplesia was significantly higher than that in the other two live foods (P<0.01). Three live organisms were used for raising larvae and juveniles of Paralichthys olivaceus respectively for 15 and 10 d. Then the growth, survival and fatty acid composition of the larvae and juveniles were investigated. The results showed that the larvae and juveniles fed with copepods (S. poplesia) had significantly higher growth rate than those fed with the other two organisms (P<0.01). The survival of the flounder larvae fed with copepods was significantly higher than that of the others (P<0.01), and the survival of the juvenile fish fed with copepods was higher than that fed with Artemia (P<0.05). The contents of three types of HUFAs (DHA, EPA and ARA) and the ratio of DHA/EPA in larval and juvenile flounder P. olivaceus were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of DHA, EPA and ARA in the larvae and juveniles fed with S. poplesia were higher than those fed with a mixed diet or Artemia only, and the ratio of EPA/ARA in larvae and juveniles of P. olivaceus fed with S. poplesia was lower than that in the case of feeding with a mixed diet or Artemia only. The present data showed that copepod is the best choice for feeding the larvae and juveniles of fish considering its effects on the survival, growth and nutrition composition of the fish.     

Effects of Calanoid Copepod Schmackeriapoplesia as a Live Food on the Growth,Survival and Fatty Acid Composition of Larvae and Juveniles of Japanese Flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

Zooplankton constitutes a major part of the diet for fish larvae in the marine food web, and it is generally believed that copepods can meet the nutritional requirements of fish larvae. In this study, calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia, rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and anostraca crustacean Artemia sp. were analyzed for fatty acid contents, and were used as live food for cul- turing larval Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The total content of three types of HUFAs （DHA, EPA and ARA） in S. po- plesia was significantly higher than that in the other two live foods （P〈O.O1）. Three live organisms were used for raising larvae and juveniles of Paralichthys olivaceus respectively for 15 and 10 d. Then the growth, survival and fatty acid composition of the larvae and juveniles were investigated. The results showed that the larvae and juveniles fed with copepods （S. poplesia） had significantly higher growth rate than those fed with the other two organisms （P〈0.01）. The survival of the flounder larvae fed with copepods was significantly higher than that of the others （P〈0.01）, and the survival of the juvenile fish fed with copepods was higher than that fed with Artemia （P〈0.05）. The contents of three types of HUFAs （DHA, EPA and ARA） and the ratio of DHA/EPA in larval and juve- nile flounder P. olivaceus were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of DHA, EPA and ARA in the larvae and juveniles fed with S. poplesia were higher than those fed with a mixed diet orArtemia only, and the ratio of EPA/ARA in larvae and juveniles of P. olivaceus fed with S. poplesia was lower than that in the case of feeding with a mixed diet or Artemia only. The present data showed that copepod is the best choice for feeding the larvae and juveniles of fish considering its effects on the survival, growth and nutrition composition of the fish.     

蓝色新事

<正>动物加州海岸发现新物种骷髅虾近日科学家在美国南加州卡特琳娜岛岸边洞穴里收集的试管样本中发现了一个新的骷髅虾物种——它实际上是端足目麦杆虫科的甲壳纲动物,而非虾。这两个试管里一个包含雄性排骨虾,一个包含雌性骷髅虾,目前都收藏于加拿大渥太华的自然博物馆。端足目生物一般选择生活在浅水潮汐区,依附在岩石和植物上,以水流冲来的小型水藻和幼虫为食。它们拉长的身体类似于行走的竹节虫。这种骷髅虾体积微小,成年雄性个体只有3.3毫米,它们生活在海面下9米深地峡礁的洞穴里,即卡特琳娜岛闻名的潜水地点。     

启东某场地自升式平台插桩可行性试验研究

桩靴接触应力是影响插桩深度的主要因素之一,桩靴的锥尖型式可能会影响接触应力的大小及分布。以江苏省启东市某插桩试验项目为例,针对不同的桩靴端部型式基于桩靴接触应力现场实测数据,分别采用国内外规范方法及数值计算方法对插桩深度开展预测分析,揭示桩靴端部型式对插桩深度的影响规律。结果表明：在插桩过程中不同锥端类型桩靴的接触应力呈现出中央大周边小的分布特征,表明现场桩靴为柔性结构类型;采用不考虑桩靴端部形状的规范方法进行桩靴插深预测,得出的预测结果同现场实测结果基本吻合;采用小变形有限元数值方法进行插深预测也可以得出令人满意的结果,研究结果可为类似工程实践提供参考。     

长江武汉段天兴洲低滩沉积物粒度端元对河流—风成沙丘沉积环境的指示意义

河床沙波向风成沙丘演变的过程具有特殊的沉积动力机制。笔者等以68份长江武汉段天兴洲洲头低滩沉积物的粒度分布数据为例,利用端元分析方法从每个粒度分布中分离提取4个粒度端元组分(EM1、EM2、EM3和EM4),探讨了河流—风成沙丘不同沉积环境中粒度端元的异同。研究结果表明：EM1和EM3组分在粒度分布中占比与沉积物粒度中值分别呈较好的线性正相关和负相关;河流沉积物主要由EM1、EM2和EM3组成的跳跃方式搬运,对应滚动次总体的EM4组分占比5%~10%,少悬浮搬运;风成沙纹沉积物主要包括两段跳跃次总体,以EM2组分为主、EM1和EM3组分为辅,少EM4组分;沙丘背风面沉积物主要靠颗粒流顺坡滑塌,以EM2组分为主、EM1和EM3组分为辅,含占比约为5%的EM4组分;未被风成沙纹覆盖的沙丘波谷沉积物记录了河流和小型滞水洼地的沉积特征,代表滚动次总体的EM4组分占比7%~15%,悬浮次总体占比可达20%。本文提取的沉积物粒度端元为弱风环境中河道内局部小型河流—风成沙丘的沉积环境和演化过程研究提供了参考。     

静钻根植桩扩底桩端极限承载性能的试验研究

静钻根植桩是一种绿色环保的新型植桩工法,采用下段竹节桩与桩端扩底相结合的方式,大幅提升了单桩承压或抗拔承载力,在江浙沪地区已取得了大量应用实践,但限于目前的研究现状,对于桩端扩大头的承载性能不甚明晰。基于自平衡静载试验方法,对桩端扩大头的极限抗压承载性能开展了试验研究。研究结果表明：实测桩端扩大头极限承载力相比规范计算结果提高了40%,反分析得到上海(7)层粉砂的极限端阻力折减系数为0.72～0.81,明显高于规范建议取值0.50～0.55;桩端扩大头的承载能力完全发挥所需的桩顶位移值约为0.03倍桩径,且主要由端承力控制;静钻根植桩全桩身承载能力中,扩大头部分占比达64%～67%,扩大头结构完整性对静钻根植桩工作性能起到关键作用。     

燃气智能巡检系统设计研究

分析燃气管网巡检工作的特点,提出一种基于Android智能终端,结合GPS、Web Service和GIS技术的智能巡检系统。该巡检系统结合燃气行业业务需求和巡检特点,通过服务端与手机端交互访问,有针对性地进行人员考勤、巡检任务派发和接收、日常巡检、报表统计、管网分析等功能开发,实现燃气系统巡检工作智慧化。     

南极夏季南设得兰岛海域浮游动物群落垂直分布

浮游动物群落结构的垂直分布研究可以更好地了解其在海洋食物网物质能量循环中的作用。基于2012年1月中国第28次南极考察期间在西南极南设得兰岛海域4个站位Multinet网(200μm,0.5 m2)采集的浮游动物样品资料,运用多元统计方法对浮游动物群落垂直结构及与环境因子关系进行了分析,结果显示:浮游动物可划分为3个群落,群落1由采自上层水体(0—200 m)的样品组成,此群落平均丰度为31 782.02个·1 000 m-3,优势种为桡足类Oithona similis,Ctenocalanus citer,Oncaea curvata,Calanoides acutus,Calanus propinquus及南极大磷虾原蚤状幼体CⅠ-Ⅲ期个体;群落2主要由采自中层水(200—1 000 m)的样品构成,群落平均丰度为22 325.59个·1 000 m-3,其指示物种主要包括桡足类O.curvata,O.similis,Oithona frigida,C.citer,Aetideopsis minor,Bathycalanus bradyi,C.acutus,C.propinquus,Metridia gerlachei,介形类Alacia spp.及箭虫Eukrohnia hamata;群落3由采自较深层水(1 000—2 000 m)的样品组成,群落平均丰度为989.27个·1 000 m-3,其指示种为深水桡足类Bathycalanus bradyi。Bio-Env分析显示叶绿素a和盐度分别是对群落聚类起关键影响的单因子,水深、盐度和叶绿素a的组合则最好地解释了群落的划分。     

第三届中国矿博会“微展厅”启动

<正>近日,"郴州发布"暨第三届中国(湖南)国际矿物宝石博览会"微展厅"在湖南郴州正式启动,这标志着本届矿博会将成为国内首个以"微展厅"形式进行移动端体验的展会。据了解,"郴州发布"微信由郴州市委宣传部主办,整合了微博、微信、微视,是推动该市政务信息公开,强化舆论引导,宣传推介郴州的重要新媒体平台。其中,特别开设"第三届矿博会微展厅",重点展示郴州矿物晶体和宝石文化,为5月21日至25日将在郴州举行的第三届矿博会营造声势。"第三届矿博会微展厅"是目前全国首     

非负矩阵分解在高光谱图像解混中的应用探讨

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