平衡气球探测研究贵州山区流场特征和大气扩散参数

1前言为开发贵州省六盘水地区丰富的煤炭资源发展地区经济，就地把资源优势转化为电能优势，提高贵州省西部地区供电的可靠性，水城电厂拟扩建2×200MW发电机组工程，烟囱高度180米．为了预测扩建工程排放大气污染物对该地区大气环境质量的影响，以便确定合理的烟气控制目标和制定综合的污染治理方案，需要根据该地区的地形、气象条件分析污染物在大气中的输送、扩散规把，进而对污染物的时空分布进行定量描述。水城电厂位于六盘水市境内钟山区北两，扩建工程建在东一西走向的狭长山谷之中，山谷南北两侧高山陡峻，山峦重叠，山谷内与南北…     

用灰色系统分析大气污染对信阳市区能见度的影响

根据实测的大气污染浓度和大气能见度,采用灰色系统理论中的关联度进行动态分析,选用GM(1,1)模型进行预测,得到了满意的结果,为该地区改善和提高大气能见度摸出了一条途径。     

石家庄市污染日特征及其天气背景分析

对石家庄市2002年1月到2004年12月空气质量达到中度及以上典型污染日进行了统计分析,得出典型污染日的分布特点、对应的气象要素特征及3种天气型。结果表明:典型污染日多出现在采暖季节,出现时间具有相对连续性;污染日分为沙尘和非沙尘两类,气象要素特征前者表现为风速大、湿度小、多正变压等锋后特征;后者则表现为地面风小、湿度高、多逆温层、大里查逊数等稳定大气层结,这些均为锋前特征;还侧重指出由于石家庄的特殊地形作用,高压前部型是石家庄重污染出现几率最多的天气类型。并由此提炼出中度以上污染日的预报要点,可供空气质量预报业务参考。     

Impact of forest fires on regional air quality in Southeast Asia

Biomass burning, the burning of living and dead vegetation for land-clearing and land-use change, has been in practice in many tropical countries such as Brazil, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Mexico. Intense forest fires can also ignite subsurface organic soil components （e.g. peat）, which can continue to smolder long after the original surface fires are put out. Combustion of vegetation and peat has only recently been recognized as a major source of atmospheric pollution. The immediate effect of burning is the production and release of gases and particles into the atmosphere, in quantities that in some cases can be significant not only locally and regionally but also on a global scale. Vegetation fire emissions account for roughly half of the atmospheric constituents of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and precursors of tropospheric ozone and may be the second largest source of anthropogenic aerosols after the production of sulfates from SO2. As a result, there has been considerable interest in studying the contribution of forest fires to the production of air pollutants. In recent years, Southeast Asian countries have been affected repeatedly by episodes of smoke haze from forest fires in Indonesia. During 1997-1998, the region was again shrouded in a haze worsened by prolonged drought linked to the E1 Nino weather phenomenon. Satellite pictures confirmed that air pollutants, originating from fires covering an estimated 800000 hectares of southern Kalimantan, Sumatra, and Java, have been transported by southwesterly monsoon winds across neighbouring Malaysia and Singapore to as far as Thailand and the Philippines. The impact of these extensive fires on the health of the residents and ecology in the affected areas was substantial, costly, and possibly long lasting. Most of the research on the environmental aspects of biomass burning has been directed towards the tropics in Africa and America, specifically to the tropical rain forests of Brazil and to the savannas of Africa and South America.     

Trace elements in natural organic-rich surface soils： Contributions from natural and anthropogenic sources

A large part of the Northem Hemisphere is covered by podzols and similar soil types, which have a surface layer characterized by high organic matter content. This layer is extremely important because it is the main source of plant nutrients. The elemental composition of the surface soil however is often strongly different from that of the underlying mineral soil, which may be due to a combination of natural processes and anthropogenic influence. Research in Norway over the last 30 years has contr/buted to the understanding of the relative importance of different factors in modifying the chemistry of the surface soil. The country is relatively pristine, but is substantially influenced in the south by atmospheric supply of pollutants from other parts of Europe. Vegetation is relatively uniform over large parts of the country, but climatic variations related to oceanic influence are considerable.     

贵州煤中汞的分布,赋存状态及对环境的影响

对贵州省六枝、水城、盘县和贵阳等４大煤田煤中汞的研究表明：煤中汞的平均含量为０．５５２μｇ／ｇ;煤中汞主要赋存于黄铁矿中,硅酸盐矿物相中汞的分布量很少;贵州燃煤引起的汞污染问题非常严重。     

长春市城区大气污染特征研究

研究了长春市地貌景观的变化,并以空气污染气象学为指导,重点探讨了由于城区粗糙度的变化,导致大气边界层的改变,从而形成了城市区域特殊的温度和风场。出现了城市热岛和“静风”下的环流现象,改变了城区各部分大气环境质量。局部地区呈现出污染加重的趋势。为今后制定城市发展规划,防治大气污染提供了科学依据和对策。     

大气环境影响评价中若干问题的技术处理

建设项目的大气环境影响评价已由《中华人民共和国环境保护法》、《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》纳入法制轨道,其评价结论也被明确为工程设计的依据。这既确立了大气环境影响评价的重要地位,也对其严密性和科学性提出了高要求。然而由于环评工作的多学科渗透所带来的复杂性,工作中往往会碰到许多实际问题,对这些问题若不正确解决就会影响评价结论。     

大同市大气颗粒物特征

本文根据大同市环境监测及科学研究的有关信息，简要综述了大同市区及云岗石窟地区大气颗粒物的污染水平、物理和化学性质，并提出了针对性的防治颗粒物污染的建议。