http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000113

<正>Against the current background of global climate change,the study of variations in the soil carbon pool and its controlling factors may aid in the evaluation of soil's role in the mitigation or enhancement of greenhouse gas.This paper studies spatial and temporal variation in the soil carbon pool and their controlling factors in the southern Song-nen Plain in Heilongjiang Province,using soil data collected over two distinct periods by the Multi-purpose Regional Geochemical Survey in 2005—2007, and another soil survey conducted in 1982—1990.The study area is a carbon source of 1479 t/km~2 and in the past 20 years,from the 1980s until 2005.the practical carbon emission from the soil was 0.12 Gt.Temperature,which has been found to be linearly correlated to soil organic carbon,is the dominant climatologic factor controlling soil organic carbon contents.Our study shows that in the relevant area and time period the potential loss of soil organic carbon caused by rising temperatures was 0.10 Gt,the potential soil carbon emission resulting from land-use change was 0.09 Gt,and the combined potential loss of soil carbon(0.19 Gt) caused by warming and land-use change is comparable to that of fossil fuel combustion(0.21 Gt).Due to the time delay in soil carbon pool variation,there is still 0.07 Gt in the potential emission caused by warming and land-use change that will be gradually released in the future.     

浙北平原区土壤硒地球化学研究

基于嘉善县基本农田质量调查和嘉善县富硒土地资源专项调查中高密度的土壤硒数据及其它测试指标,对浙北嘉善表层土壤硒的含量、分布及影响因素进行了初步研究。分析结果显示,嘉善土壤总量硒平均值为0.33mg/kg,在干窑——姚庄一带存在约57km~2的富硒土壤(Se≥0.40mg/kg);不同土属硒含量差别不大;硒在土壤剖面中分布的总体趋势是硒在表土层聚集;嘉善富硒土壤以有机结合态和腐植酸态两种形态为主,残渣态也占有一定比例。结合全量硒与有机碳的相关性分析和富硒土壤的硒形态分析等结果,本研究认为高硒背景与有机质吸附对嘉善富硒土壤的形成起到了关键作用,改变了嘉善缺硒的认识。     

我国海水贝类养殖低碳效应评价

食物生产系统的碳排放占人类活动碳排放总量的 30%, 碳汇渔业是一种重要的面向人类社会高质量食物蛋白质供给 的低碳发展路径。本文基于常见的 11 种养殖贝类的固碳系数和蛋白质含量特性研究,系统评估了我国2019 年养殖牡蛎 、蛤 类、扇贝、贻贝和蚶类等在养殖周期内碳捕集特性以及对低碳发展的贡献。研究表明： (1) 11 种养殖贝类之间贝壳和软体 组织含碳量的差异并不明显,但干重比和出肉率差异显著。因此,贝类固碳量核算不能忽视种类差异。 (2)所选 11 种贝类 软体组织皆属于高蛋白食品,虾夷扇贝软体组织 (干重) 的蛋白质含量最高。针对单位质量贝类养殖,长牡蛎的碳封存贡献 度最大,而华贵栉孔扇贝提供的蛋白质最多,两者都是碳汇渔业的优势种。(3) 据估算,我国2019 年海水养殖贝类中牡蛎、蛤 类 、扇贝和蚶类总共吸收固定了约 117.98 万吨 C02,提供了 40.65 万吨蛋白质 。这些蛋白质相比于牛肉源蛋白质可减少 4 048.74 万吨 C02 当量的排放量。由于贝类固碳强度大,探索低碳可持续的贝类养殖是绿色渔业经济的重要引擎, 也是建立可持续高质量“蓝色粮仓”和生物固碳的重要路径, 将在我国低碳产业发展中发挥重要作用。     

北部湾典型入海流域植被CUE时空变化特征及驱动力因素分析

植被碳利用效率(CUE)反映了植被生态系统在碳储存方面的效率,对于“双碳”政策背景下植被碳循环研究具有重要参考价值。本文基于MODIS数据、气象数据、DEM数据,采用趋势分析、变异系数、Hurst指数等方法,对北部湾典型入海流域2001—2020年植被CUE时空变化特征展开了研究。结果表明：(1)时间上,CUE年均值呈显著下降趋势(P<0.01),年际变化率均值为-0.003/a;年际CUE波动程度较小,整体上较为稳定。(2)空间上,北部湾典型入海流域CUE多年均值介于0.08～0.60之间,流域整体平均值为0.465。CUE年均值从高到低依次为,北仑河流域、钦江流域、江平江流域、防城江流域、茅岭江流流域、南流江流域、大风江流。(3)驱动力因素上,气温对北部湾典型入海流域植被CUE变化起主要控制作用,其次为高程和降水,土壤类型、坡度对植被CUE的驱动有限。     

“双碳”目标下中国省域碳排放公平性及其影响因素

基于1999—2017年省级碳收支核算数据,构建空间计量模型检验影响碳排放公平性的关键因素。结果表明：(1)省域碳排放公平性的区域差异性显著,整体表现为西部地区>中部地区>东部地区;(2)中国省域碳排放公平性存在显著的空间溢出效应,从全国层面看,产业结构、经济发展水平、环境规制对碳排放公平性具有负向空间溢出效应,技术创新则对其具有正向空间溢出效应;从区域层面看,产业结构、城镇化进程、技术创新与对外开放水平对东部地区各省（市）碳排放公平性的空间溢出效应最明显,中部地区各省域的经济发展水平与技术创新对周边地区碳排放公平性有较为显著的正向空间溢出效应,经济发展水平、对外开放程度与环境规制是制约西部地区各省（区、市）碳排放公平性提升及溢出的主要因素。     

草原风蚀坑发育对土壤生态化学计量的影响北大核心CSCD

为了探讨草原风蚀坑发育对土壤碳氮磷含量特征的影响,通过时空替代法分析土壤碳氮磷含量、储量及生态化学计量比的时空分异特征及环境响应。结果表明:(1)风蚀坑发育导致土壤含水率、田间持水量、总孔隙度分别下降57.8%、23.2%、15.4%,而土壤pH值和容重分别上升12.4%和13.7%,砂粒含量增加35.8%,粉粒和黏粒含量分别降低69.4%和79.6%;(2)风蚀坑发育造成土壤有机碳含量和储量分别降低34.9%和20.0%,0~20 cm土壤碳流失量最大,土壤氮含量与储量分别降低14.6%和3.1%,60~80 cm土壤氮流失量最显著,土壤磷含量和储量分别降低3.1%和3.4%,20~40 cm土壤磷流失量最多;(3)风蚀坑发育造成土壤C/N、C/P和N/P分别下降24.2%、34.5%和6.9%,表层0~20 cm土壤化学计量比降低最显著;(4)风蚀坑发育对土壤粒径组成的改变是引起土壤碳氮磷含量变化最主要因子,土壤水分供给能力的降低是次要因素。草原风蚀坑发育会造成土壤碳氮磷养分的大量流失,并导致土壤粗粒化、干旱化及次生盐渍化现象。     

国际经贸规则重构及碳达峰背景下的华东地区电力需求分析及预测

近年来国内外形势剧变,新冠疫情、“碳达峰”目标以及RCEP和CPTPP等新型国际经贸规则对我国的产业和经济结构产生较大影响,从而对电力需求产生影响。针对2021—2040年华东地区的电力需求,在设定新冠疫情影响中长期化、2030年“碳达峰”目标实现、国际经贸格局变动如中国成功加入RCEP和CPTPP等情景基础上,基于可计算一般均衡模型(CGE)和全球贸易分析模型(GTAP)等方法,预测2021—2040年各省市的GDP及产业结构等宏观经济数据和发展趋势,并采用电力强度法对该地区电力需求进行预测。结果显示：基准情景、新冠冲击情景和综合情景下,四省一市的电力需求稳定增长;“碳达峰”目标实现情景下,各省市在2025年前相较于基准情景电力需求增长率略微提升,2025年之后的增长率相对放缓,RCEP情景则与之相反;由于各省市产业结构的变动,加入CPTPP对各省市的影响也将呈现不同倾向。     

氧化铝粉对微孔方镁石—镁铝尖晶石耐火骨料显微结构和性能的影响

以盐湖轻烧MgO粉和煅烧Al2O3粉为原料制备了4组微孔方镁石－镁铝尖晶石耐火骨料(镁铝尖晶石5 wt.%~20 wt.%),并采用XRD、SEM和压汞仪等研究了煅烧Al2O3粉添加量(3.7 wt.%,7.7 wt.%,12.1 wt.%和16.8 wt%)对其显微结构和性能的影响。煅烧Al2O3粉在骨料内部形成多孔状镁铝尖晶石颗粒,增加其添加量,可增大微孔骨料的显气孔率,降低体积密度。尽管多孔状镁铝尖晶石微颗粒与MgO微颗粒间存在微裂纹,降低了耐火骨料的抗折强度,但该多孔镁铝尖晶石微颗粒能够诱导微孔骨料中微裂纹产生偏转和裂纹分支,在经受热震冲击时,能改善微孔骨料的热震稳定性。当煅烧Al2O3粉的添加量为7.7wt.%时,微孔方镁石－镁铝尖晶石耐火骨料拥有最佳的综合性能,其体积密度为3.23 g/cm3,中位孔径为386.1 nm,抗折强度为45.2 MPa,800 °C导热系数为10.5 W/(m·K),热震后抗折强度保持率最高(97.0%)。     

煤电能否照亮山西转型之路

煤炭市场飘红时,电企不堪重负连喊亏损;煤市持续下行时,煤企生存艰难。不论是煤炭被称为“黑金”的黄金十年还是“卖一吨煤赚的钱不到六块,连两瓶饮料都买不起”的当下,企业和政府始终在试图找破解煤电矛盾的良方。对传统能源大省山西来说,处理好煤与电的关系尤为重要一一这事关全省转型发展的大局。为破解“一煤独大”的局面,两年多来,山西努力构建以煤为基、多元发展的现代产业新体系,以“煤电一体化”突破口,推动高碳资源低碳发展、黑色煤炭绿色发展,提高资源就地转化率。     

Historical Sediment Record of ~(137)Cs, δ-HCH,and δ~(13)C Reflects the Impact of Land Use on Soil Erosion

This paper reports the concentrations of 137 Cs, hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes(DDT) and its main degradation products, δ13C, and organic carbon in pond sediments(0-210 cm, sectioned by 2-20 cm interval) and surface soils(the 0-3 cm horizon) collected in 2010 from Chenjia catchment, which is located in Yanting county in the hilly central Sichuan of China. α-, δ-, and γ-HCH, DDT, and DDD were not detected throughout the sediment profile. Trace concentrations of δ-HCH(0.89-29.31 ng g-1) and p,p′-DDE(1.85-6.02 ng g-1) were detected only in top 40 cm sediment. The 137 Cs fallout peak in 1963(corresponding to the 55-60 cm depth), the sedimentary signature left by the last year of HCH use in 1989(an additional indicator at 20-25 cm), and the obvious original channel bed prior to the construction of the pond in 1956 were used as temporal markers to estimate changes in average sedimentation rate between different periods due to changes in land use. Continuous, marked decrease in average sedimentation rate(i.e., 3.79, 1.35 and 1.07 cm year-1 in 1956-1963, 1963-1989, and 1989-2010, respectively)over time was observed, probably due to the reforestation, abandoning of steep sloping farmland for afforestation and natural re-vegetation(implementation of the Grain for Green Program), and the conversion of part of gently sloping farmland terraces to orchard land since the 1980 s, especially since the 1990 s. This was corroborated by the observed decrease(more negative) in δ13C of sediment towards the surface, which indicates increased relative contribution of eroded soil particles coming from slopes with increased tree cover in sediment source area. Combined use of 137 Cs, δ-HCH, and δ13C record in sediments has been demonstrated to be a powerful approach to reconstruction of response in sedimentation rate to historical land use changes.