寒武纪丝状蓝细菌生物膜主导和诱发的巨型鲕粒:以河南新安县石井剖面苗岭统徐庄组为例

多样化的产出环境和30×108年的分布历史表明,鲕粒成因一直是一个谜一样的沉积学难题,争论的关键问题是其究竟是有机(微生物)成因还是无机成因.来自于华北地台寒武系苗岭统徐庄组鲕粒滩相灰岩顶部的方解石巨鲕表现出同心状、放射—同心状和泥晶质的沉积组构,在鲕粒核心和鲕粒皮层中保存着精美的葛万菌(Girvanella)化石所主...     

西南印度洋中脊表层沉积物非碳酸盐组分的粒度特征及其地质意义

The carbonate-free fraction of 20 surface sediments collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR) was studied by grain size analysis and mineralogical analysis with X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The characteristics of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments were obtained, and related influential factors were discussed. The results show that the mean grain size of this fraction is in 1.96Φ–8.19Φ, with poorly sorting and unimodal, bimodal or irregular bimodal distribution patterns. Four grain size end members of the fraction are derived with the End Member Model method. The finest end member EM1 shows a significant contribution of terrigenous materials of the aeolian input and sediment carried by the bottom current. End member EM2 with medium size mainly reflects sediment of a siliceous bioclast origin. EM3 and EM4 are interpreted as representing the coarser volcanic materials related to bedrock weathering or volcanic activities. Multi-provenance is the dominant factor controlling the grain size pattern of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments in that area. In addition, sediment transport processes such as the bottom current and wind are the minor factors that influence the grain size distribution of the carbonate-free fraction sediments.     

再探温跃层有孔虫B/Ca与温度和[CO32-]的依赖性及其在24 ka以来热带西太平洋次表层碳酸盐系统重建中的应用

The B/Ca ratio of planktonic foraminifer shells has been used as a proxy for reconstructing past ocean carbonate chemistry. However, recent studies have revealed significant uncertainties associated with this proxy, such as whether seawater temperature or [ CO_3~(2-)] is the dominant control on the partition coefficient(K_D) of planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca. To address these uncertainties and thus improve our understanding of the planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca proxy, we analysed B/Ca ratios in the tests of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei(300–355 μm) and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata(355–400 μm) in surface sediment samples from the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea. The relationship between these B/Ca ratios and bottom water calcite saturation states(Δ[ CO_3~(2-)]) is weak, thus suggesting only a small dissolution effect on the B/Ca of the two species. The correlation coefficients(R~2) between the B/Ca ratios of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and environmental parameters(e.g., temperature, salinity, phosphate, DIC and ALK) in the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea are not high enough to justify using B/Ca ratios as a palaeoenvironmental proxy in the study areas. The significant correlation between K_D values of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and carbonate system parameters(e.g.,[ CO_3~(2-)], DIC, ALK, pH and [ HCO_3~-]) in the study area reflect chemical links between the K_D denominator and these variables. Based on our surface sediment calibration, an empirical relationship between the K_D of N.dutertrei and temperature is proposed in the tropical western Pacific. We also generated a record of B/Ca ratios in N. dutertrei(300–355 μm) from Core MD06-3052 in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka to evaluate the application of the revised B/Ca proxy method. Based on the reconstructed empirical relationship for B/Ca and subsurface seawater ALK, we estimated subsurface seawater carbonate system parameters in the tropical western Pacific since 24 ka. In general, the estimated subsurface seawater pH and [ CO_3~(2-)] show an increase with time, and the record of subsurface seawater pCO_2 shows a decrease with time, in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka. The consistent trends in subsurface seawater pCO_2 and opal flux during deglaciation may imply that the reported increase in subsurface water pCO_2 in the study area was promoted by enhanced upwelling in the Southern Ocean.     

西印度构造演化及其对烃类显示意义综述

印度最大的油气聚集区位于西印度,具有独特的构造事件集中发生。中生代沿元古代活动带构造方向的裂谷作用形成了印度海岸的被动边缘盆地。Campanian期（83．5—70．6Ma）,马达加斯加与印度发生分离,南北向正断层传播进入到Cambay Graben地区。在初始德干Reunion热点之上,晚Maastrichtian（70．6—65．5Ma）隆起在西北印度海岸产生了伸展应力场,形成盂买高断块。早古新世,德干溢流玄武岩喷发后,伸展在薄弱的地壳中继续,引起了孟买地堑和Surat坳陷沉降的加强、Seychelles微大陆从印度分离以及孟买高地上正断层的重新活动。孟买地堑和Surat（Danahu）坳陷在热沉降期间充填了富有机质页岩,在缓慢沉降的盂买台地上发育了始新-中新世浅水碳酸盐,海平面波动产生了次生孔隙的发育。晚第三纪成熟的Surat（Danahu）坳陷页岩生成烃类,运移至孟买高的碳酸盐储层。Canlpanian构造事件之后,Konkan—kerala和印度东海岸的较老盆地并未受到影响,缺乏有利的成藏要素是该地区的特点。     

阿尔沃兰海（Alboran Sea）中碳酸盐岩丘的发现：梅利利亚海山区

本文主要研究发现在阿尔沃兰海东南边缘（摩洛哥陆缘）的一群全新世海山——梅利利亚海山区（MMF）。我们通过条带测深、浅地层声学剖面、旁侧声纳、高分辨率地震调查以及沉积物取样等手段对MMF海山区进行了研究。该海山群位于陆缘下倾部分的上陆坡至陆坡中部,西北-东南走向,覆盖面积超过20km2。     

严防死守确保地质灾害防治万无一失

卢氏县位于河南省西部,地处黄河、长江分水岭南北两麓,全县辖8镇11乡,353个行政村,37万人,总面积4004平方公里。地势西南高,东北低,主要由中山、低山、丘陵、河谷盆地组成。在地质构造上位于华北地台和秦岭地槽衔接地带,区域性深大断裂从我县腹地穿过,属地质灾害多发区。目前查明地质灾害隐患点99处,分布在全县19个乡镇,主要灾害类型有滑坡、泥石流、崩塌、地面塌陷等4种。     

鹤岗市东风金矿地质特征及找矿标志

东风山金矿位于黑龙江省鹤岗市小兴安岭东南坡,是赋存于下元古代东风山群铁硅碳酸盐建造中的沉积变质型矿床,在国内属于一种比较独特的金矿类型。分析、归纳其地质特征和找矿标志,对寻找岩金矿床具有重要意义。     

琉球群岛东部海区表层沉积物中浮游有孔虫分布及指示意义

对琉球群岛东部海区123个表层沉积物样品中浮游有孔虫因子分析结果表明,浮游有孔虫组合在溶跃面以上表现为Globigerinoides ruber-Globigerinata glutinata组合,溶跃面以下为Globorotalia inflata-Neoglobo-quadrina pachyderma (dex.)组合,局部受黑潮影响区域黑潮标志种Pulleniatina obliquiloculata含量相对丰富,为Neogloboquadrina dutertrei-P.obliquiloculata组合;表层沉积物中浮游有孔虫的丰度及组合分布特征对于碳酸盐溶跃面深度及碳酸盐补偿深度有一定的指示意义。另外,碳酸盐保存特征研究表明,该区域现代碳酸盐溶跃面深度约为3100 m,碳酸盐补偿深度约为4300 m。     

西湖凹陷平湖组碳酸盐胶结物形成机制及其对储层的影响

碳酸盐胶结物是西湖凹陷平湖组储层砂岩中含量最多,对储层质量影响最大的自生矿物.通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、阴极发光、元素成分分析及碳氧同位素分析结果表明,西湖凹陷平湖组储层砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物的主要矿物类型是方解石、铁方解石、白云石和铁白云石,偶见菱铁矿.碳酸盐胶结物的碳同位素(δ13C)值分布范围较集中,为-7.80‰～1...     

内蒙岱海湖岩芯碳酸盐含量变化与气候环境演化

内蒙岱海是位于东南季风区的西北边缘的内陆封闭湖泊,对气候变化十分敏感。本文根据对岱海湖泊岩芯的碳酸盐含量分析,结合湖泊沉积岩性特征、介形类化石以及其年代学研究,初步讨论了岱海距今近千年的气候环境演化过程,结果表明：９３０ａＢＰ—６７０ａＢＰ气候以温湿为主,６７０ａＢＰ—５４０ａＢＰ,气候以冷偏湿为主;５４０ａＢｐ—４９０ａＢ．Ｐ．湖泊急剧退缩,以冷偏干气候为主;４９０ａＢｐ—２７０ａＢＰ以凉干气候为主;２７０ａＢＰ－１５０温干气候;１５０年以来,湖区有效降水有所增加的温偏湿气候为主。