福建主要港湾水体几种悬浮物质含量的研究

据"福建主要港湾水产养殖容量研究"项目成果,报道了2000～2001年福建15个港湾水体中几种悬浮物质含量的调查资料,讨论了它们的分布状况.这几种悬浮物质含量与养殖生物的生长状况有着密切相关,也是某些生物的营养源,现场调查的结果为计算贝类养殖容量提供了重要参数.     

秋茄和榕树叶片中正构烷烃分布和单体化合物δ13C值及其光合作用

对深圳福田、阳江、海南新竹红树林秋茄Kandelia candel及海口榕树Ficusm icrocarpa叶中类脂物进行萃取,分离出正构烷烃,通过气相色谱(GC)及色谱-质谱(GC MS)分析,测出了正构烷烃的碳数分布和相对含量.气相色谱-稳定同位素比质谱仪(GC-IRMS)测定了正构烷烃单体化合物的稳定同位素组成δ13C.秋茄叶和榕树叶正构烷烃的碳数分布均为C17C33,主要集中在C23-C31(＞90%).化合物含量最高为C27的有深圳福田秋茄、海南新竹秋茄、海口榕树,而阳江秋茄为C25.单体化合物的稳定同位素δ13C深圳福田秋茄为-31.42‰-34.48‰,阳江秋茄为-31.69‰-33.62‰,海南新竹秋茄为-30.30‰-33.04‰,海口榕树为-29.92‰33.56‰;平均值分别为-32.95‰、32.67‰、31.67‰、-31.74‰.结果表明,秋茄和陆地植物榕树的光合作用都是通过C3途径,是典型C3植物.     

基于泥沙中碳含量的变化表征黄河调水调沙入海泥沙的扩散范围

主要通过黄河口悬浮物中有机碳和无机碳的含量,表征黄河调水调沙入海的泥沙在黄河口外近海的扩散范围。结果表明:黄河口入海前泥沙中的颗粒无机碳(PIC),颗粒有机碳(POC)具有稳定性,分别为(1.75×0.28)%和(0.51×0.08)%;在悬浮物含量约为30 mg/L时,黄河口临近海区悬浮物中的PIC、POC含量分别出现突跃性降低和升高趋势,叶绿素分析表明,POC含量的升高是由于浮游植物对颗粒有机碳贡献的结果,同时正构烷烃轻重比值ΣC₂₀-/ΣC₂₀+和碳优势指数(CPI)值也分别增加和降低;X衍射发现悬浮物浓度低于30 mg/L时,黄河泥沙在悬浮物中所占比例迅速下降,从而造成悬浮物中PIC突跃性下降;因此,黄河口近海悬浮物含量30 mg/L可以被认为是陆源和海源颗粒物对黄河口近海区悬浮物贡献的有效分界线。调水调沙入海的泥沙在黄河口外近海表层主要扩散到河口以南海域,而底层扩散范围主要集中在河口以北和河口以南海域,这些泥沙最终可能停留在莱州湾中部。     

四元体系Na~ ∥Cl~-,CO_3~(2-),B_4O_7~(2-)-H_2O 273K介稳相平衡研究

采用等温蒸发法研究简单四元体系Na ∥Cl-,CO32-,B4O72--H2O273K时的介稳相平衡,并测定该体系273K平衡液相中各组分的溶解度及密度,该体系的介稳相图和密度组成图显示:该四元体系在273K时的相图由3条溶解度单变量线、3个结晶区及1个共饱和点组成。体系属简单共饱型,无复盐或固溶体形成,3个结晶区分别对应单盐Na2CO3·10H2O,NaCl和Na2B4O7·10H2O。共饱点E处于Na2CO3·10H2O,NaCl及Na2B4O7·10H2O3盐共饱和,所对应的平衡液相组成为w(Na2CO3)=6.81%,w(NaCl)=21.69%,w(Na2B4O7)=0.65%,w(H2O)=70.85%。研究体系在273K下,Na2CO3·10H2O是碳酸钠盐的唯一析出形式,且硼酸钠对碳酸钠有盐析作用。     

酸溶——催化极谱法测定地质样品中的钨、钼

本文采用混合酸溶解样品,对影响催化体系稳定的酸度、温度和不同反应时间的因素分别进行了对比试验,确定催化体系相对稳定的最佳条件,经过大量样品的分析验证,分析方法可靠。     

基于语义的地理信息分类体系对比分析

地理信息分类体系之间的语义不一致性,被认为是影响地理信息系统实现在语义层次上信息共享的最大障碍.首先,本文在阐述中国地理信息分类体系之间参照模式的基础上,提出了一种基于语义的地理信息分类体系对比分析方法.其次,对中国现行的几种地理信息标准分类体系进行了详细的对比分析.最后,为中国地理信息分类体系的编制和修订提出了一些建议.     

塔东地区古城4井上寒武统—中、上奥陶统流体地球化学示踪

通过对塔东地区古城4井上寒武统和中、上奥陶统碳酸盐岩围岩及充填物的碳、氧、锶同位素地球化学和流体包裹体成分的对比研究表明,充填于中、上奥陶统和上寒武统的流体分属于2个不同来源的流体体系。充填于中、上奥陶统灰岩裂缝中方解石脉的w(87Sr)/w(86Sr)介于0.7084~0.7088,它与早奥陶世海水的w(87Sr)/w(86Sr)相近;流体体系为CH4-H2O体系;充填物与围岩间具有明显的碳、氧同位素差异,表明上部流体体系中的流体来自于奥陶系地层本身。上寒武统白云岩裂缝中方解石脉的w(87Sr)/w(86Sr)为0.7138,明显地高于同时代海水的锶同位素值;流体体系为CO2-H2O体系;下部流体体系中的流体为外来富锶流体。上、下流体体系间互不连通暗示着上寒武统地层具有相对较好的保存条件。     

Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of car- bonate cements of different phases in terrigenous siliciclastic reservoirs and significance for their origin： A case study from sandstones of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, southwestern Ordos Basin, China

Early carbonate cements in the Yanchang Formation sandstones are composed mainly of calcite with relatively heavier carbon isotope （their δ^18O values range from -0.3‰- -0.1‰） and lighter oxygen isotope （their δ^18O values range from -22.1‰- -19.5‰）. Generally, they are closely related to the direct precipitation of oversaturated calcium carbonate from alkaline lake water. This kind of cementation plays an important role in enhancing the anti-compaction ability of sandstones, preserving intragranular volume and providing the mass basis for later disso- lution caused by acidic fluid flow to produce secondary porosity. Ferriferous calcites are characterized by relatively light carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -8.02‰ to -3.23‰, and lighter oxygen isotope with δ^18O values ranging from -22.9‰ to -19.7‰, which is obviously related to the decarboxylation of organic matter during the late period of early diagenesis to the early period of late diagenesis. As the mid-late diagenetic products, ferriferous cal- cites in the study area are considered as the characteristic authigenic minerals for indicating large-scaled hydrocarbon influx and migration within the clastic reservoir. The late ankerite is relatively heavy in carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -1.92‰ to -0.84‰, and shows a wide range of variations in oxygen isotopic composition, with δ^18O values ranging from -20.5‰ to -12.6‰. They are believed to have nothing to do with decarboxylation, but the previously formed marine carbonate rock fragments may serve as the chief carbon source for their precipitation, and the alkaline diagenetic environment at the mid-late stage would promote this process.     

Environmental Redox Changes of the Ancient Sea in the Yangtze Area during the Ordo-Silurian Transition

Extensive organic-matter （OM） rich facies （black shales） occur in the Ordo-Silurian boundary successions in the Yangtze area, South China. To investigate the redox changes of the Yangtze Sea during the Ordo-Silurian transition, two OM sections （Wangjiawan in Yichang, Hubei Province, and Sanjiaguan in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province） straddling the Ordo-Silurian boundary are studied. The measurements finished in this study include contents of the total organic carbon （TOC）, pyrite sulphur, and different species of Fe, including dithionite-extractable Fe （FED）, pyrite Fe （FeP）, HCl-extractable Fe （FeH）, and total Fe （FeT）, in black shales, as well as other redox proxies, such as the SIC ratio, the ratio between highly reactive Fe （FeHR = FeD ＋ FeP） and FeT, and the FeP/（FeP ＋ FeH） ratio, known as the degree of pyritization （DOP）. In the Wangjiawan section, the Middle Ashgill sediments have high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.20-0.77; avg. 0.45）, high DOP values （0.21-0.72; avg. 0.54）, and a relatively constant sulfur content independent of the organic carbon content. By the contrast, the mid-early Hirnantian deposits generally have low FeHR/FeT ratios （0.10-0.35; avg. 0.21）, low DOP values （0.11- 0.40; avg. 0.28）, and SIC values are clustering on the normal marine value （SIC = 0.36）. The late Hirnantian and early Rhuddanian deposits, similar to those of the Middle Ashgill deposits, are characterized by high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.32-0.49; avg. 0.41）, high DOP values （0.46-0.68; avg. 0.53） and fairly constant sulfur contents. These data suggest the occurrences of marine anoxia on the Yangtze Sea shelf during intervals of the Mid Ashgill, Late Hirnantian and Early Rhuddanian, and ventilated and oxygenated marine conditions during the mid-early Hirnantian time. The mid-early Hirnantian ventilated event was concomitant with the global glacial period, likely resulted from the glacio-eustatic sea-level fall and subsequent circulation of cold, dense oxygenated waters     

川西坳陷中段天然气碳同位素特征及其成因类型

川西坳陷中段天然气的组份以烃类气体为主,占气体总体积的98.1%～99.7%;非烃气体以CO,2和N2为主,其含量分别占气体的0.12%～1.32%和0.25%～1.54%;烃类气体中以甲烷占绝对优势,平均含量为95.83%;重烃含量较低,平均为3.21%;干燥系数(C1/C,1-5>)平均为0.97,整体上属典型的干气.川西坳陷中段的所有样品δ13C,2都大于-25.8‰,属于典型的煤型气范畴,天然气的δ13C,1δ'13C,2δ13C,3,呈明显的正序排列,显示出天然气为典型的有机成因.甲烷碳同位素组成,反映了其母质演化程度已处于成熟～高成熟阶段,且以高成熟阶段为主.