边坡电渗模型试验及能量分析法数值模拟

采用导电塑料制成的电动土工合成材料(EKG)进行了15.5 d的边坡电渗加固试验,测定了电渗之后土体等含水率分布曲线。试验结果表明,电渗加固效果是随时间从阳极到阴极逐渐扩展的,因此,越靠近阳极接入点的土体加固效果越好,越靠近阴极末端的土体加固效果越差。提出了电渗能量分析法,该方法仅要求黏性土体在排水固结开始的初始时刻是处于饱和状态,而在排水固结进行的过程中土体可以是饱和的,也可以是非饱和的。提出了基于能量分析法的电渗过程数值模拟方法,并对试验过程进行了数值模拟,模拟结果与实测结果能够较为吻合。     

软土地基电渗固结理论分析与数值模拟

电渗固结是加速软土固结、提高地基承载力的有效技术。传统的电渗固结理论假设土体的物理力学、水力学和电学特性均匀稳定,其理论解答与试验结果差别较大。针对电渗固结处理过程,对土体位移场、渗流场和电场的耦合特征进行了理论分析,根据电荷守恒原理、水流连续原理和Biot固结理论,建立了电渗固结过程的多场耦合控制方程;考虑土体相关特性参数的非线性关系,开发了有限元软件用于分析电渗过程中电场强度、土体位移以及超静孔隙水压力的变化特征。计算结果与理论数据吻合较好,能够反映土体相关特性参数非线性关系对结果的影响。软件能够为电渗固结系统设计提供参考依据。     

室内水平电渗排水试验研究

根据多次室内试验,大致掌握了不同电势梯度下非饱和黏性土的水平电渗排水规律,从电渗排水量、排水速率、土体电阻、能量消耗、电渗透系数、耗能系数等方面对电渗进行曲线分析,通过分析大致判断电渗排水的终止条件,可以对未来电渗法的实际操作给出一定的理论依据.试验结果表明:随着通电时间的增加,土体的电阻增大,其电流减小,导致电渗排水的速率降低,出于节能的考虑,可以在电渗末期停止通电,这样做既节能又有利于电渗排水的效果.     

电势梯度对冻结黄土电渗效果影响的试验研究

研究发现,通电作用下冻土中的未冻水会发生迁移,这种持续的迁移是一个复杂的物理化学过程,并最终伴随着冻胀的过程.为了探究这一电场作用对冻土的影响,选取冻结冻胀敏感性较高的粉质兰州黄土作为研究对象,分析其在3、4和5 V?cm-1电势梯度作用下的阴阳极变形量、通电前后水分分布规律和电流及电能损耗.结果表明:随着电势梯度的增...     

低含水率盾构泥浆的真空 电渗联合泥水分离技术试验研究

在地下盾构隧道施工中会产生大量的高含水率泥浆,由于泥浆中含有膨润土及泡沫剂等高分子添加剂,具有高含水、低渗透、塑流性强等特性,在其运输中容易出现抛撒滴漏等环境污染问题,而且在泥浆堆放时会污染环境和占用大量土地资源,有时堆放不当还会形成地质灾害。为此,课题组开展了隧道盾构泥浆泥水分离技术试验研究,首先研制了真空-电渗联合排水试验装置,利用该装置对经过沉淀初步处理的泥浆分别进行真空负压、电渗及真空-电渗联合泥水分离试验。试验结果表明:采用真空-电渗联合泥水分离法优于真空和电渗单一方法,真空-电渗联合方法既可以排出泥浆中的自由水,也可以排出渗透结合水,处理后的泥浆含水率大大降低,接近塑限,泥浆被有效硬化,通过试验优化了真空-电渗联合泥水分离工艺,给出泥水分离步骤,即首先进行沉淀初步处理、再进行电渗排水、进而进行真空+电渗联合排水。从试验结果可以看出,采用真空-电渗联合方法可以有效解决泥浆水分离问题,利于绿色安全运输,大大节约运输成本,而且处理后的泥浆可以直接资源化利用。     

中国电子工程设计院

华中令大师事迹 主要作品:B49-1/YL型封闭轨悬挂输送机(电子工业部科技进步三等奖)、离子交换膜电渗析法提纯回收氢氧化钾废液(机械电子工业部科技进步三等奖)、显像管玻壳池炉烟气电除尘系统(机械电子工业部科技进步三等奖、国家科技成果完成者证书)、105平方米燃油蓄热式显像管玻壳玻璃池炉(电子工业部科技进步一等奖及国家科技进步二等奖)、921载人航天工程航天员系统应急生保试验舱副舱工程项目(信息产业部优秀设计三等奖)、921载人航天工程航天员系统航天服试验舱工程项目(信息产业部优秀设计一等奖)等.     

A new method of combination of electroosmosis,vacuum and surcharge preloading for soft ground improvement

As a rapid and effective ground improvement method is urgently required for the booming land reclamation in China＇s coastal area, this study proposes a new combined method of electroosmosis, vacuum preloading and surcharge preloading. A new type of electrical prefabricated vertical drain （ePVD） and a new electroosmotic drainage system are suggested to allow the application of the new method. This combined method is then field-tested and compared with the conventional vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method. The monitoring and foundation test results show that the new method induces a settlement 20% larger than that of the conventional vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method in the same treatment period, and saves approximately half of the treatment time compared with the vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method according to the finite element prediction of the settlement. The proposed method also increases the vane shear strength of the soil significantly. The bearing capacity of the ground improved by use of the new proposed method raises 118%. In comparison, there is only a 75% rise when using the vacuum combined with surcharge preloading method during the same reinforcement period. All results indicate that the proposed combined method is effective and suitable for reinforcing the soft clay ground. Besides, the voltage applied between the anode and cathode increases exponentially versus treatment time when the output current of power supplies is kept constant. Most of the voltage potential in electroosmosis is lost at electrodes, leaving smaller than 50% of the voltage to be effectively transmitted into the soil.     

The preparation of low electroendosmosis agarose and its physico-chemical property

Studies on Gelidium amansii agar fractionations were carried out in this paper. Gelidium amansii agar was fractionated on DEAE-Cellulose, and four fractions were obtained sequentially. The fractions were analyzed on physical and chemical properties, and IR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy applied for elucidating the chemical structure. Among the four fractions obtained, water fraction measured up to the standard of low EEO agarose. The sulfate content, ash content, electroendosmosis and gel strength (1%) of water fraction were 0.16%, 0.34%, 0.12 and 1 130g/cm2 respectively, similar to those of the Sigma products.     

大尺寸三维电动-水力渗透协同固结淤泥能耗特性

为解决目前电渗应用的高能耗困境及大尺寸模拟困难等问题,提出针对低渗透性、高含水率土体的电动-水力渗流协同作用的三维固结方法。自行研制了一套阴极-集水-排水协同作用的多功能集排水系统,采用间歇式抽水代替连续抽水。采用三维电动-水力渗流固结系统对取自贡湖湾湿地和白旄堆场的2种不同太湖底泥进行了电渗试验研究,同时对白旄堆场太湖底泥进行了传统一维电渗固结试验,并对2种试验条件下的单位体积排水能耗和单位体积单位排水量能耗等关键指标进行了对比。结果表明：三维集水井设计可大大降低土体阴极附近电阻,间断性提高系统电流,提高排水效率,降低电渗总能耗;间歇式抽水可间歇性降低系统内总电流,利用电动-水力协同作用,保持系统渗流的连续性;三维电动-水力渗流固结系统的电流呈周期性减小—增大模式,并且降低速率较慢,尤其对于有机质含量较高的土体,电渗过程电流始终保持在一个较高的水平,提高了排水固结效率。三维电动-水力渗流固结系统的单位体积排水能耗和单位体积单位排水量能耗分别约为一维电渗系统的2/3和1/30。在高含水量软土固结排水中具有显著的节能效果。三维电动-水力渗流固结系统可以提高排水固结效率、大幅度降低能耗,为...