石膏尾矿墙体材料的研究

通过实验确定了生产石膏尾矿墙体材料的配合比及CaO、复合外加剂的最佳掺量，利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜以水化产物的种类及结构形态进行了分析研究，并对其物理力学性能做了测试与分析。     

钙稀土氟碳酸盐矿物中不同多型体间共晶格取向连生的微结构研究

利用透射电子显微镜研究钙稀土氟碳酸盐矿物中不同多型体间共晶格取向连生的微结构，发现氟碳钙铈矿（ＢＳ）及Ｂ＿２Ｓ规则混层矿物不同多型体之间存在５种新的共晶格取向连生现象，共晶格取向连生面网为（０００１）．研究表明，多型体间共晶格取向连生结构与Ｂ＿ｍＳ＿ｎ型规则混层矿物、多型体、微体双晶和矿物种间的共晶格取向连生等以衍生体的形式共存于氟碳钙柿矿自然品位之中。这种多型休间共晶格取向连生结构的形成可能与氟碳钙柿矿中ＣＯ＿３在结构层间的分布和排列有关。     

Mineral surface modification induced by low energy ion irradiation: Implications for solar-wind exposure effects in lunar soil

We performed ion irradiation on olivine and ilmenite to simulate solar-wind exposure effects in lunar soil. The surface morphology and microstructure after ion irradiation were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Sputtering erosion significantly modified the surface of irradiated Luobusha olivine grains. All irradiated grains show smooth surface and round shape. The cleavage fractures on the unirradiated olivine surface were widened and deeply etched after He＋ irradiation. Both of these are the consequence of ion sputtering erosion. There are no bubbles or voids foundin the irradiated olivine grains, because He＋ dose in this study is lower than saturated fluence. Irradiated Panzhihua ilmenite grains are all covered with smooth flakes with the thickness of about 400 nm. The formation of the flakes should be related with helium bubbles and their growth during He＋ implantation. Some columnar-shaped particles are found at the surface of irradiated Panzhihua ilmenite. We speculate that these particles should be sulfide because of significantly high sulfur contents.     

天然金刚石中位错的直接观察

矿物及其所处环境的发展演化历史往往是以形成结构缺陷的方式记录在矿物内部。金刚石形成于地幔深部,天然金刚石中的位错组态在很大程度上反映了金刚石的地质成因直至地幔岩石圈性质及演化等重要问题(郑建平等．1994)。但迄今为止,对天然金刚石中位错的了解主要建立在一些间接实验和理论推测的基础上,由于得天然金刚石制备成透射电镜薄膜试样极其困难．从而缺乏用透射电子显微镜直接观察其位错形态分布的结果。     

页岩微纳观尺度雁列式断续裂纹的原位观测

在自然界岩石和工程围岩中,宏观尺度雁列式断续破裂现象较为常见。然而,在微纳观尺度上,是否也存在类似的雁列式断续破裂特征?其扩展与演化过程又是怎样的?这是非常值得探讨的基础科学问题。采用带切槽的弧形页岩试样,在扫描电子显微镜（SEM）下开展原位拉伸与微纳观破裂过程观测试验。基于原位观测分析,获得如下几点认识:（1）在微纳米尺度,依然存在断续破裂现象,呈“S”形或反“S”形雁列式展布,是由裂纹尖端部位拉张-剪切复合应力场及矿物非均质性共同诱导形成的。（2）微纳观雁列式断续裂纹总体展布特征和扩展、演化过程是有规律可循的,相邻微裂纹近似平行展布。对单个裂纹来讲,中间的拉张裂纹近似平行于最大拉张应力方向,而两端翼裂纹转向朝着最大剪切应力方向扩展。（3）微纳观雁列式断续裂纹仅代表着主裂纹路径形成过程中的暂时的剪切变形状态或某个中间扩展阶段。（4）雁列式断续裂纹在微米至纳米尺度上具有多尺度分层级结构特征:相对较大尺度的雁列式断续裂纹包含着更小尺度的次级雁列式断续裂纹。该研究提供了微纳观尺度页岩雁列式破裂的观测证据,为分析页岩多尺度裂纹演化过程提供了重要支撑。     

国土资源部西南矿产资源监督检测中心

1 检测中心历史沿革

国土资源部西南矿产资源监督检测中心,前身为原地质矿产部成都地质矿产研究所实验分析测试中心,现隶属于中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心。实验室始建于1964年,经过近50年的发展,已经成为岩石矿物分析综合性专业实验检测机构,在我国西南地区的基础地质调查与研究、地球化学找矿、环境地球化学评价中充分发挥了技术支撑作用。实验室在1992年通过国家级计量认证,2006年经国土资源部授权挂牌成立国土资源部西南矿产资源监督检测中心(以下简称\     

应用氩离子抛光-扫描电镜方法研究四川九老洞组页岩微观孔隙特征

微观孔隙结构是页岩储层研究的重点,而扫描电镜方法无法识别机械抛光中由于页岩硬度差异所造成的不规则形貌。本文利用氩离子抛光-扫描电镜方法对四川威远区块九老洞组页岩进行研究,发现了三种孔隙类型:1无机孔以粒间孔和黏土矿物层间孔为主,同时发育晶间孔和生物孔,孔径主体100~500 nm;2有机孔受控于热成熟度或有机黏土复合体,孔径范围数十纳米至数微米;3微裂缝包括成岩收缩裂缝、高压碎裂缝、构造裂缝和人为裂缝,缝宽数微米,缝长数微米至数十微米。研究表明无机孔和微裂缝是九老洞组页岩气的主要储集空间。     

影响黄土湿陷性因素的微观试验研究

借助扫描电子显微镜和光学数码显微镜, 分析了不同含水率黄土试样表面微区结构变化与黄土湿陷性的关系和不同埋深土样在水与外力共同作用下湿陷前后微观结构的变化特征。利用图像处理软件对所获取的微结构图像进行研究, 分析了黄土湿陷前后土样中大、中、小孔隙和微孔隙数量的变化。结果表明:湿陷后比湿陷前土样微孔隙增多31.18%, 小孔隙增多54.07%, 中孔隙减少30.49%, 大孔隙减少90.14%。这说明随着压力的不断增大, 黄土中的孔隙被逐渐压缩, 大孔隙和中孔隙的数量逐渐减少, 小孔隙和微孔隙的数量逐渐增加, 为黄土的湿陷变形提供了充分的空间。讨论了土样中4类孔隙对黄土湿陷的贡献量, 从微观角度综合分析了黄土湿陷的成因机理。     

Characterization of calcium deposition induced by Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 in BG11 culture medium

Calcium carbonate （CaCO3） crystals in their preferred orientation were obtained in BG11 culture media inoculated with Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 （inoculated BG11）. In this study, the features of calcium carbonate deposition were investigated. Inoculated BGll in different calcium ion concentrations was used for the experimental group, while the BGll culture medium was used for the control group. The surface morphologies of the calcium carbonate deposits in the experimental and control groups were determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The deposits were analyzed by electronic probe micro-analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that the surfaces of the crystals in the experimental group were hexahedral in a scaly pattern. The particle sizes were micrometer-sized and larger than those in the control group. The deposits of the control group contained calcium （Ca）, carbon （C）, oxygen （O）, phosphorus （P）, iron （Fe）, copper （Cu）, zinc （Zn）, and other elements. The deposits in the experimental group contained Ca, C, and O only. The deposits of both groups contained calcite. The thermal decomposition temperature of the deposits in the control group was lower than those in the experimental group. It showed that the CaCO3 deposits of the experimental group had higher thermal stability than those of the control group. This may be due to the secondary metabolites produced by the algae cells, which affect the carbonate crystal structure and result in a close-packed structure. The algae cells that remained after thermal weight loss were heavier in higher calcium concentrations in BGll culture media. There may be more calcium- containing crystals inside and outside of these cells. These results shall be beneficial for understanding the formation mechanism of carbonate minerals.