重金属在碳酸钙—水界面间的沉淀反应特征

首先进行Cu^2 ,Pb^2 和Cd^2 等重金属离子溶液与方解石和轻质碳酸钙间的沉淀反应实验，然后对方解石与重金属离子的反应产物作了SEM观察与EDS能谱分析，研究表明，在本文的实验条件下，重金属与碳酸钙间的表面反应主要表现为表面沉淀，其中，Cd^2 离子在界面中的行为还涉及晶格扩散作用。     

利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对滑坡滑带土的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射衍射仪（XRD）研究了三峡库区，黄河小浪底等地40个滑坡滑带土的结构及物质组合，指出当滑坡处于滑动阶段时，滑带土表居可见粘土矿物定向排列，普遍可见擦痕（弧型，线型，紊乱型），微裂隙和微空隙发育，微生物较多，当斜坡处于稳定阶段时，岩层软弱带可见粘土矿物无定向排列，表面无擦痕，常见树枝状结构。滑带土的物质组合主要为：蒙脱石，蛭石，伊利石，高岭石，绿泥石，方解石，石英，长石和微生物，而蒙脱石，蛭石和微生物含量是滑坡滑动的一个重要因素。据微结构的变化和物质组合可以分析滑坡的活动次数，活动阶段和形成机理，为滑坡治理和稳定性评价提供依据。     

扫描电子显微镜在冻土研究中的应用

利用扫描电显微镜研究不同温度和压力条件下正冻、正融和已冻土微结构的形成及发育过程，揭示冻结过程中土颗粒位移，闭聚的分异，未冻水膜形态和冷生组构的形成机理，及不同受力状态下冻土颗粒位错、破碎、微裂隙发育和破坏机理。     

A Microscopic and Nanoscale Understanding of the Formation of Gold Geochemical Provinces

Gold geochemical provinces in China were delineated through stream sediment or catchment sediment sampling in this study. Each gold geochemical province delineated by a threshold value of 2.5 ng/g covers an area of thousands of kilometers. It is a dilemma that geochemists traditionally thought that gold could not migrate for a long distance in rivers or streams to form a large-scale geochemical anomaly due to its chemical inertness and high specific density. The quantitative spectroscopic analysis and observations under a scanning electron microscope(SEM) indicate the presence of submicroscopic gold particles(5 μm in diameter) in large quantities, and observations under a Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM) further suggest the presence of nanoscale gold particles(several tens of nanometre in diameter) in ores, rocks, soils and stream sediments. Particularly, submicroscopic and nanoscale gold particles less than 5 μm were only found in samples having a low gold content(10ng/g). This result shows that geochemical provinces, delineated by a threshold value of 2.5 ng/g, are formed by long-distance transport of ultrafine gold in streams. The findings may provide direct microscopic evidence for gold migration to form geochemical provinces.     

蓝非鲫肠道上皮组织的扫描电镜观察

消消化化道道黏黏膜膜上上皮皮组组织织是是吸吸收收和和同同化化营营养养物物质质的的 主主要要器器官官 , ,在在鱼鱼类类生生长长和和发发育育的的过过程程中中发发挥挥着着极极其其重重 要要的的作作用用 , ,研研究究鱼鱼类类消消化化系系统统有有利利于于深深入入探探讨讨其其食食性性 及及消消化化生生理理学学特特征征 , ,对对于于提提高高经经济济鱼鱼类类的的养养殖殖产产量量和和 营营养养附附加加值值 , ,促促进进养养殖殖环环境境开开发发具具有有重重要要意意义义。。近近年年 来来 , ,有有关关鱼鱼类类消消化化…     

国土资源部西南矿产资源监督检测中心

1检测中心历史沿革国土资源部西南矿产资源监督检测中心,前身为原地质矿产部成都地质矿产研究所实验分析测试中心,现隶属于中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心。实验室始建于1964年,经过近50年的发展,已经成为岩石矿物分析综合性专业实验检测机构,在我国西南地区的基础地质调查与研究、地球化学找矿、环境地球化学评价中充分发挥了技术支撑作用。实验室在1992年通过国家级计量认证,2006年经国土资源部授权挂牌成立国土资源部西南矿产资源监督检测     

Mineral surface modification induced by low energy ion irradiation: Implications for solar-wind exposure effects in lunar soil

We performed ion irradiation on olivine and ilmenite to simulate solar-wind exposure effects in lunar soil. The surface morphology and microstructure after ion irradiation were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Sputtering erosion significantly modified the surface of irradiated Luobusha olivine grains. All irradiated grains show smooth surface and round shape. The cleavage fractures on the unirradiated olivine surface were widened and deeply etched after He＋ irradiation. Both of these are the consequence of ion sputtering erosion. There are no bubbles or voids foundin the irradiated olivine grains, because He＋ dose in this study is lower than saturated fluence. Irradiated Panzhihua ilmenite grains are all covered with smooth flakes with the thickness of about 400 nm. The formation of the flakes should be related with helium bubbles and their growth during He＋ implantation. Some columnar-shaped particles are found at the surface of irradiated Panzhihua ilmenite. We speculate that these particles should be sulfide because of significantly high sulfur contents.     

Clay Mineralogy and its Paleoclimatic Significance of the OligoceneMiocene Sediments in the Gerze Basin,Tibet

This study collected the early Oligocene to middle Miocene sediments from the Gerze Basin of Tibet, and used X-Ray diffraction （XRD） and Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） to discuss their clay mineralolgy, clay indices, better understand the clay mineralogy and its paleoclimatic significance. The results show that clay minerals of the Gerze Basin sediments are mainly composed of iilite and chlorite, with minor amounts of smectite and kaolinite, and their relative content varies along the section. Variations of relative contents and clay indices suggest that the Gerze Basin has experienced three-stage evolution of paleoclimate： I ） high ilUte and chlorite contents, with fluctuant smectite and low （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratio, indicative of a dominant seasonal arid climate from the early Oligoeene to late Oligocene; Ⅱ） higher illite and chlorite contents and larger （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratio but absence of kaolinite, indicating a colder and drier climate from the late Oligocene to early Miocene; Ⅲ） high iilite and chlorite contents with fluctuant （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratios and occasional occurrence of kaolinite, suggesting that the climate became warmer and more humid compared with that of stage Ⅱ in the mid-Miocene. These conclusions were also reinforced by the clay morphology, which suggests that physical weathering dominated in stage Ⅱ, while relatively strong chemical weathering was dominant in stages Ⅰ and Ⅲ Clay minerals of the sediments mainly consist of illite and chlorite, indicating that the source rock played a significant role in clay origin. It is inferred that global cooling and the enhancement of denudation and obstruction of northward moisture due to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were responsible for the provenance of iUite and chlorite under weak chemical weathering. Though the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau reached a certain elevation by the mid-Miocene, yet the mid-Miocene widespread warming might have largely impacted the Gerze climate.     

Depositional and Diagenetic Controls on Sandstone Reservoirs with Low Porosity and Low Permeability in the Eastern Sulige Gas Field,China

In order to determine the genesis and the factors that control the low-porosity and low- permeability sandstone reservoirs in the eastern Sulige Gas Field in the Ordos Basin, systematic studies on the sedimentary facies and diagenesis were conducted by means of analysis of cores, thin sections, fluid inclusions, X-ray diffraction, cathode luminescence and scanning electron microscope. It was found that the sand bodies of the major gas reservoirs in the Shan1 section （P1S1） and the He8 section （P2H8） were formed during the Permian as sedimentary facies such as braided-channel bars, braided-river channels and point bars of a meandering river. Four types of diagenetic facies developed subsequently： in order from the best to the poorest properties these are type A （weak compaction, early calcite cement-chlorite film facies）, type B （moderate compaction, quartz overgrowth-feldspar corrosion-kaolinite filling facies）, type C （strong compaction, late calcite cement-quartz corrosion facies） and type D （matrix filling and strong compaction facies）. This diagenesis is undoubtedly the main reason for the poor reservoir properties of sandstone reservoirs, but the sedimentary facies are the underlying factors that greatly affect the diagenesis and thus the reservoir performance. Favorable diagenetic facies developed mainly in relatively small lithofacies such as braided-river channels, channel bars and point bars. The vertical distribution of the physical properties and the diagenetic facies of the reservoirs are related to the stratigraphic succession. Most of the sandstones between mudstones and thin beds of sandstone are unfavorable diagenetic facies. Analyses indicate that siliceous cementation can hardly be stopped by hydrocarbon filling. Authigenic chlorite could hardly protect the primary porosity. It not only occupies pore space, but also blocks pathways through sandstone reservoirs, so that it has significant influence on the permeability. Authigenic chlorite cannot be used as a marker for a