微生物-矿物接触模式影响矿物溶解机制的实验研究——以多粘芽孢杆菌参与下的微纹长石溶解为例

微生物可通过直接和间接作用方式影响硅酸盐矿物的溶解。在细菌生长的不同阶段,这两种方式的贡献有所差异。利用微孔滤膜进行了一系列实验,研究了多粘芽孢杆菌对微纹长石溶解的影响。结果表明,在细菌生长的0~96h内,细菌及代谢产物能通过直接和间接作用共同促进微纹长石的溶解,但微纹长石中各元素的溶出在方式上有一定的差别,K和Si的溶出主要受间接作用的影响,而Al的溶出主要受直接作用的影响。在稳定期和衰亡期,细菌及代谢物均对K,Al,Si三种元素的溶出起较强的促进作用。在长石溶解的过程中,细菌的生长消耗、细菌表面络合作用、代谢物络合作用等均是影响离子浓度变化的重要因素,三种作用的协同效应,使得实验溶液中离子浓度随细菌生长表现出不规则变化的特点。     

海洋发光弧菌生长和发光条件的研究

海洋生物发光研究对渔业、环境监测等有着举足轻重的意义。根据从湛江东海岛海域沉积物样品中分离出的一株海洋发光弧菌(Vibrio sp.,编号为D2),对这株菌的生长和发光条件进行了初步研究。实验结果表明,海洋发光弧菌D2在pH7.0、温度35℃、NaCl浓度为2.0%时,生长状态最好;在pH5~6、温度20℃、NaCl浓度为3.0%、细菌密度OD600达0.08时,发光强度最高。     

Preliminary study on different nutrient pools supplies for the phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay in China in the fall of 2004

The source and significance of two nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorous, were investigated by a modified dilution method performed on seawater samples from the Jiaozhou Bay, in autumn 2004. This modified dilution method accounted for the phytoplankton growth rate, microzooplankton grazing mortality rate, the internal and external nutrient pools, as well as nutrient supplied through remineralization by microzooplankton. The results indicated that the phytoplankton net growth rate increased in turn from inside the bay, to outside the bay, to in the Xiaogang Harbor. The phytoplankton maximum growth rates and microzooplankton grazing mortality rates were 1.14 and 0.92 d-1 outside the bay, 0.42 and 0.32 d-1 inside the bay and 0.98 and 0.62 d-1 in the harbor respectively. Outside the bay, the remineralized nitrogen (Kr=24.49) had heavy influence on the growth of the phytoplankton. Inside the bay, the remineralized phosphorus(Kr=3.49) strongly affected the phytoplankton growth. In the harbor, the remineralized phosphorus (Kr=3.73) was in larger demand by phytoplankton growth. The results demonstrated that the different nutrients pools supplied for phytoplankton growth were greatly in accordance with the phytoplankton community structure, microzooplankton grazing mortality rates and environmental conditions. It is revealed that nutrient remineralization is much more important for the phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay than previously believed.     

许氏平鲉肌肉生长发育的初步研究

鱼类肌肉占体重的40％ ～60％,不同于哺乳动物仅有肌纤维增大的肌肉生长模式,大部分鱼类肌肉呈现兼有肌纤维增生(Hyperplasia)和肥大(Hypertrophy)的生长模式,且在不同阶段,肌纤维肥大与增生对肌肉生长的贡献存在差异.对于许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)等大型经济鱼类,肌肉生长是其生...     

Ingestion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachionus plicatilis</Emphasis> under different microalgae conditions

The effects of four microalgae,Chlorella vulgaris,Platymonas helgolandicavar,Isochrysis galbana,and Nitzschia closterium on the grazing and filtering rates of the marine rotifer,Brachionus plicatilis,were evaluated under laboratory conditions.The grazing rates in separate cultures of the four microalga were as follows:C.vulgaris > P.helgolandicavar > I.galbana > N.closterium.However,the filtering rates occurred in the following order:P.helgolandicavar > N.closterium > C.vulgaris > I.galbana.A mixed diets ex...     

复合酸化剂对鲤生长及消化酶活性的影响

在鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)基础饲料中,分别添加不同梯度的复合酸化剂(质量分数分别为0、0.2%、0.3%),研究复合酸化剂对其生长和消化酶活性的影响。结果表明:1)添加复合酸化剂显著(P<0.05)提高鲤鱼的相对增重率、特定生长率、饵料转化效率、饲料蛋白质效率以及饲料蛋白质沉积率等生长性能指标;2)添加质量分数0.3%的复合酸化剂时,鲤鱼肝胰脏、前肠和中肠的蛋白酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),酸化剂组的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性有升高的趋势,但与对照组差异不显著;3)鱼体的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、水分、肥满度及内脏比等品质指标在各组间差异不显著。综上所述,鲤鱼饲料中添加以柠檬酸、乳酸、磷酸等为主的复合酸化剂,可显著提高鲤鱼肝胰脏、前肠和中肠的蛋白酶活性,促进鲤鱼生长。     

关于对小兴安岭山区地质灾害防治的基本构想

伊春,作为小兴安岭地区的政治经济文化中心,行政区有33万平方公里,林业施业区近4万平方公里,森林覆盖率达83％以上,这在全国乃至世界都是不多见的。正是因为这里具有了森林植被生长茂盛这样一个得天独厚的自然条件,所以自1948年开发建设以来的几十年间,地质灾害在小兴安岭山区,几乎是不存在的。     

The Effect of Temperature on Growth and Energy Budget of the Polychaete,Neanthes japonica Izuka

Growth and energy budget of the polychaete, Neanthesjaponica, at various temperatures (17, 20, 23, 26 and 29 ℃) were investigated in this study. The growth, as indicated by final dry weight and specific growth rate (SGR), increased with increasing temperature, with the maximum level at 26℃, and then decreased significantly at 29℃. A similar trend was observed in feeding rate, food conversion efficiency (FCE) and apparent digestive rate (ADR). However, no significant differences were detected in ADR among all the temperature treatments. In the pattern of energy allocation, faeces energy was only a small component of energy budget and had little influence on the proportion of food energy allocated to growth. The metabolic energy accounted for a large portion of energy intake for each temperature treatment. The nitrogen excretion was appreciable with changing temperature. The two expendi-ture terms (respiration energy and excretion energy) in energy budget were the major factors influencing the proportion of food en-ergy allocated to growth. These results revealed that temperature affected the growth of N. japonica mainly by influencing feeding rate and FCE. In addition, regression equations describing the relationship between feeding rate, faecal production, SGR, FCE and temperature were obtained. The optimum temperatures for feeding rate, FCE and SGR were estimated at 25.01 ℃, 24.24℃ and 24.73 ℃, respectively, from the regression equations.     

Growth and feed efficiency of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed formulated diets containing different levels of poultry by-product meal

This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture ofLitopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to near to commercial diet with about 40% protein and 7.5% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by 0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 100% of PBM (diets 1-7). The diet with 100% fish meal was used as a control (diet 1). Post-larvae were reared in an indoor semi-closed re-circulating system. Each dietary treatment was tested in 4 replicate tanks (260 L) of 40 shrimp, arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimps were hand-fed for three times a day to near-satiation (0700, 1200 and 1800) for 60d. Percentage weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition of shrimps were measured. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimps fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). However, shrimps fed diet 7 (100% fish meal replacement) had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). Shrimp fed diets 2-4 (30%-50% fish meal replacement) showed significantly higher growth than those fed diets 6 and 7 (70% and 100% fish meal replacement, respectively). Survival ranged from 94.7% to 100.0% and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different experimental diets. No differences in body composition were found among shrimps fed different diets. These results showed that up to 70% of fish meal protein can be replaced by PBM without adversely affecting the growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.     

长沙县土地整理中心

长沙县位于湖南中东部,紧邻长沙市,属江南典型丘陵地区,全县处于东亚季风湿润区,气候温和,热量丰富,雨水充沛,四季分明,生长期长,适合水稻、茶、花卉苗木等多种作物生长。辖内土地总面积1997平方公里,人口73.8万,耕地总面积863431亩,基本农田768000亩,人均耕地1．17亩。