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《现代地质》2017,(5)
以生氧光合作用为主造成的大气圈氧气上升,与生物进化存在着密切的成因联系。在大气圈氧气含量明显上升之前,微生物在地球大气圈演化中可能起着主要作用,形成了埃迪卡拉纪之前的微生物世界;甚至到今天,这些细菌以及其他的微体藻类,一直在向地球的大气圈提供氧气,而且在海洋中进行着艰苦的固氮作用。早期很少受到动物影响的生物圈,与现代动物所占据的生物圈(后生动物世界)明显不同,这个转变随着埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪器官级别的动物辐射而发生,动物辐射造成了宏观生态和宏观进化表现的根本性变化。因此,地球大气圈的氧气上升,实际上是一个复杂的地球生物学过程;追索这个复杂的地球生物学过程所产生的环境变化及其与生物进化与革新之间的成因联系,对深入了解地球复杂的演变历史将提供一些重要线索和思考途径。 相似文献
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Divisional morphogenesis in the marine ciliate Anteholosticha manca (Kahl, 1932) Berger, 2003 (Ciliophora: Urostylida) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
LI Liqiong HU Xiaozhong WARREN Alan AL-RASHEID Khaled A S AL-FARRAJ Saleh A SHAO Chen SONG Weibo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(2):157-163
The cortical development and macronuclear evolution of the marine hypotrichous ciliate Anteholosticha manca, collected from the coastal waters near Qingdao, China, were investigated using the protargol impregnation method. The morphogenesis of A. manca is generally typical for the genus, and can be characterized as the following features : ( 1 ) in the proter, a new oral primordium is formed on the bottom (beneath the pellicle) of the buccal cavity, disorganization of the parental undulating membranes do not contribute to the formation of this primordium ; (2) FVT-cirral anlagen in both dividers develop independently, and very likely only a few midventral cirri join in the formation of these primordia; ( 3 ) both marginal row and dorsal kinety anlagen develop intrakinetally within the parental structure; (4) at the middle stage, macronuclear segments fuse together to form a single mass as observed in most of its related forms. 相似文献
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JI Shu'an JI Qiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(3):337-343
Jinfengopteryx is a newly uncovered Archaeopteryx-like avialan bird outside Germany, which was found from the Jehol Biota of northern Hebei in northeastern China. It shares many characters only with Archaeopteryx by the possession of three fenestrae in the antorbital cavity, 23 caudal vertebrae and long tail feathers attached to all the caudal vertebrae. But the former differs from the latter in the relatively short and high preorbital region of skull, more and closely packed teeth, much shorter forelimb compared to hindlimb. Such differences indicate Jinfengopteryx is even slightly more primitive than Archaeopteryx, although both birds can be placed at the root position of the avialan tree based on cladistic analysis. Shenzhouraptor is suggested to be slightly more advanced than Jinfengopteryx + Archaeopteryx, supported by some derived features in teeth, shoulder girdles and forelimbs such as the reduction of tooth number, dorsolaterally directed glenoid facet, very long forelimb and comparatively short manus. Meanwhile, the tail of Shenzhouraptor shows more primitive characters than those of Jinfengopteryx and Archaeopteryx, e.g., the strikingly longer tail composed of more caudal vertebrae and the long tail feathers attached only to distal caudal segments. The mixed primitive and advanced characters reveal the evident mosaic evolution among long-tailed avialan birds. 相似文献
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