基于三维荧光光谱-平行因子技术联用的浮游藻化学分类学技术研究

An in vivo three-dimensional fluorescence method for the determination of algae community structure was developed by parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC) and CHEMTAX. The PARAFAC model was applied to fluorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEM) of 60 algae species belonging to five divisions and 11 fluorescent components were identified according to the residual sum of squares and specificity of the composition profiles of fluorescent. By the 11 fluorescent components, the algae species at different growth stages were classified correctly at the division level using Bayesian discriminant analysis(BDA). Then the reference fluorescent component ratio matrix was constructed for CHEMTAX, and the EEM–PARAFAC–CHEMTAX method was developed to differentiate algae taxonomic groups. The correct discrimination ratios(CDRs) when the fluorometric method was used for single-species samples were 100% at the division level, except for Bacillariophyta with a CDR of 95.6%. The CDRs for the mixtures were above 94.0% for the dominant algae species and above 87.0% for the subdominant algae species. However, the CDRs of the subdominant algae species were too low to be unreliable when the relative abundance estimated was less than 15.0%. The fluorometric method was tested using the samples from the Jiaozhou Bay and the mesocosm experiments in the Xiaomai Island Bay in August 2007. The discrimination results of the dominant algae groups agreed with microscopy cell counts, as well as the subdominant algae groups of which the estimated relative abundance was above 15.0%. This technique would be of great aid when low-cost and rapid analysis is needed for samples in a large batch. The fluorometric technique has the ability to correctly identify dominant species with proper abundance both in vivo and in situ.     

白令海颗粒有机物碳、氮同位素组成及其生物地球化学意义

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate organic matter(POM) were measured for samples collected from the Bering Sea in 2010 summer. Particulate organic carbon(POC) and particulate nitrogen(PN) showed high concentrations in the shelf and slope regions and decreased with depth in the slope and basin, indicating that biological processes play an important role on POM distribution. The low C/N ratio and heavy isotopic composition of POM, compared to those from the Alaska River, suggested a predominant contribution of marine biogenic organic matter in the Bering Sea. The fact that δ13C and δ15N generally increased with depth in the Bering Sea basin demonstrated that organic components with light carbon or nitrogen were decomposed preferentially during their transport to deep water. However, the high δ13C and δ15N observed in shelf bottom water were mostly resulted from sediment resuspension.     

膜技术在水产养殖废水处理中的应用进展

<正>随着我国工厂化养殖业的飞速发展,养殖规模与日俱增,如何实现养殖废水的有效循环使用,避免由此导致的水生态环境问题引起广泛关注。由于养殖过程中需向水体中投放饵料和化学品,作为养殖生物的营养和消毒剂,所以养殖废水中除含有剩余饵料外,还含有化学物质及富含氮、磷的养殖生物排泄物等有害物质。若不处理直接排放,可加剧邻近水域富营养     

合浦珠母贝贝壳珍珠层EDTA可溶性基质蛋白对无定形碳酸钙稳定性的影响

通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、能谱等方法探讨了合浦珠母贝贝壳珍珠层EDTA可溶性基质蛋白(ESM)对无定形碳酸钙(ACC)晶型转化的影响。试验结果显示,合浦珠母贝贝壳珍珠层ESM在镁离子存在的条件下能够显著抑制ACC的转化,并减少最终诱导形成的方解石中的镁离子含量。同时,珍珠层ESM具有调节方解石晶体晶貌的作用。     

有机磷农药类雌/抗雄激素效应研究进展

<正>有机磷农药是世界范围内使用最广、用量最大的高效广谱杀虫剂之一[1],产量占我国农药总产量的40%以上[2]。农药的使用量中只有不到1%能对靶生物起作用,大部分漂浮在空气或残留在土壤中,并通过降雨、沉降和径流进入河流湖泊造成水体污染。2010年我国珠江河口流域水体中有机磷农药检测浓度范围为18.76~344.94 ng/L,其中甲拌磷已接近人类可接受范围的临界点[3]。此外,邕江、桑沟湾海域、厦门近海     

海洋污损细菌群落结构及其发酵液中化学成分的研究

从烟台附近海域通过挂板取样获得了污损微生物膜样品。利用高通量测序鉴定其中细菌有假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.),芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.),盐单胞菌(Halomonas sp.),嗜冷杆菌(Psychrobacter sp.),肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.)。通过对微生物膜污损细菌进行发酵培养,结合天然产物分离纯化和核磁共振鉴定技术,共从发酵液中分离并鉴定了9种次级代谢产物,其中4种是二酮哌嗪(Diketopiperazine,DKP)类信号分子,环(脯氨酸-甘氨酸)(1),环(脯氨酸-丙氨酸)(2),环(4-羟基-脯氨酸-亮氨酸)(3),环(脯氨酸-酪氨酸)(4),以及尿嘧啶(5),胸腺嘧啶(6),对羟基苯乙醇(7),十五烷酸(8),邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(9)。研究结果表明,烟台海域污损微生物膜中细菌组成多样,以假交替单胞菌和芽孢杆菌为主;污损细菌产生了多种代谢物,其中包括4种DKP类信号分子,该类物质可能对生物污损的发生具有调控作用,为探究生物污损和生物膜的作用机制奠定了基础。     

广西沿海不同演替阶段红树群落沉积物粒度分布特征

沉积物粒度分布是影响红树群落演替的重要因素之一。本文对代表广西红树群落演替趋势的白骨壤(Avicennia marina)、秋茄(Kandelia candel)、木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)3种红树群落沉积物进行了粒度分析。结果表明:3种红树群落沉积物类型均以砂和粉砂为主,随着红树林群落保存状况的逐渐变差,砂的含量逐渐上升,粉砂和黏土含量逐渐下降;沉积物粒径分布趋势均为砂粉砂黏土砾。木榄和秋茄2个群落底床沉积物不同深度沉积物粒径分布规律一致,但与白骨壤群落存在差异;3种红树群落的沉积物粒度频率曲线均呈现为双峰或多峰形态。     

莱州湾夏季大型底栖动物群落结构特征及其与历史资料的比较

2009年6月在莱州湾9个站位采集的大型底栖动物样品的研究结果,并与历史资料进行了对比。共鉴定出大型底栖动物96种,总平均丰度为1 902.21 ind./m2,总平均生物量为8.30 g/m2,其中软体动物占据绝对优势。基于丰度进行的CLUSTER聚类分析和MDS标序图将研究海域划分为3个组,与沉积物底质类型显著相关。研究海域底质类型包括粘土质粉砂、砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂4种。通过BIOENV分析,影响其群落结构的主要环境因子有水深、底温、沉积物偏态、中值粒径、有机质、叶绿素含量。多样性指数反映各站位生物多样性差异较大。ABC曲线显示大部分站位群落结构受到中等程度扰动,只有2个站位显示未受扰动。通过与历史数据的对比发现,平均丰度较1980年代和1990年代有所增加,但物种数目明显减少。以上结果表明莱州湾近年来受人类活动影响较大,出现了不同程度的污染,导致大型底栖动物的群落结构发生变化及生物多样性下降。     

北京地区自动站降水特征的聚类分析

利用2007—2010年北京123个自动气象站逐时降水观测资料,采用聚类分析方法,对北京的主城区、西部和北部区、东北区、东南区共分为4个区域的逐时降水时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:通过与实际地形和下垫面类型比较,自动站分类较为合理,避免了在区域划分方面的主观因素影响。主城区降水集中时段最为突出,集中出现在7月逐日20—00时,且降水强度最强,降水量较大,降水小时数不多。西部和北部区降水集中出现在6月逐日18—20时、7月逐日23时至次日03时,降水小时数最多,降水强度不大,降水量不大。东北区降水主要集中出现在7月逐日00—08时和17—23时,降水小时数较多,降水强度不大,降水量最大;东南区降水主要集中出现在7月的逐日02—04时,降水小时数少,降水强度较大,降水量较大。