初论元素富集成矿的地球化学机理：—以岩浆热液矿床的形成为例

元素富集成矿的过程实质上是元素在地球不同圈层和不同相以及不同集合体之间分配的结果。元素的富集起始于地球形成的初期。对于大多数金属成矿元素，地壳特别是上地壳是大多数矿石和矿胎的储库，地壳丰度是元素富集成矿的物质基础。元素在地质体系演化共存相同的分配是元素订成矿的关键过程。对于以侵入体为中心的热液矿床的形成。岩浆部分熔融、结晶分异、液态分离、挥发分分离以及气液相不混溶等过程能够导致金属元素最终达到矿石级的富集。挥发分则是元素富集成矿的重要制约因素。     

青岛冷水团的消亡机理研究

本文基于多年月平均水温资料,分析了青岛冷水团的长消过程,并利用气候态月平均大气数据和数值模拟结果,探讨了青岛冷水团的消亡机理。结果表明,青岛冷水团3月出现,4月成型,5月最盛,6月减弱,7月消失;南黄海6-7月间偏南风的增强和温跃层以下反气旋涡的减弱是青岛冷水团消亡的动力机制,而海面净热通量的下传和水平热量的输入则是青岛冷水团消亡的热力机制。     

煤矿排水对枣庄市清凉泉水源地污染作用分析

近年来,随着枣庄市陶枣矿区煤矿资源的大规模开发,矿坑排水对矿区地下水资源及生态环境产生的负面影响愈发突出,尤其是矿坑水沿地表河流排放途中,通过灰岩“天窗”大量灌入岩溶地下水中,造成地处煤田下游的清凉泉水源地水质遭受明显污染,供水水质难以保证。根据矿坑排水量、水源地水质、开采现状等分析认为,对串层污染进行封堵和控制矿坑水排放渠道是防治水源地污染的有效措施。     

考虑非达西效应的边水气藏水平井见水时间预测模型

边水气藏水平井见水后产量下降,准确预测见水时间有利于选择合理的开发及配产方式、提高边水气藏采收率.考虑水侵速度、储层倾角及气相非达西效应等因素,建立边水气藏水平井见水时间预测模型;计算P边水气藏W井的见水时间,与未考虑水侵速度等因素的见水时间对比,并对影响因素进行敏感性分析.结果表明:水侵过程中,水质点向井底移动的速度...     

峨眉宝光研究之二——对宝光伴生大光环的研究

根据四个宝光实例的分析，指出峨眉宝光的伴生大光环并不都是主虹。由冰晶去雾产生的宝光，其伴生的大光环实为对日（月）晕，从而肯定了近年来盛行的范氏（Van de Hulst)宝光形成的后向散射机理，不能用以解释一切宝光现象，否定了冰晶云雾不能产生宝光的局限认识。还指出了《国际气象词典》中“布格晕”条释义的错误。     

辽河盆地西部凹陷源岩热演化及生烃史研究

从地质和地球化学的基础资料入手,分析了辽河盆地西部凹陷有机质的热化特征,划分出未成熟,低成熟,成熟,高成熟－过成熟４个演化阶段,确定本区的生烃门限为２６５０ｍ,生烃主带在３２００￣４５００ｍ,在此基础上对辽河盆地西部凹陷源岩的生烃史进行了研究。     

地气测量寻找深部隐伏金矿及其机理研究

根据９个地区４种不同的金和金多金属矿区地气研究、室内上升气流和纯扩散模拟模型实验以及地气采样片在高分辨显微技术（ＡＦＭ,ＴＥＭ,ＳＥＭ）下观察的结果,讨论了地气测量的找矿机理,认为地壳内上升气流携带深部矿化元素的纳米级微粒垂直向上迁移至地表,形成地气异常．文中对地气法的方法技术做了概述和评论,并列举了应用实例,地气法兼有物、化探的优点,在寻找深部隐伏矿化方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

西藏昌都夏通街滑坡成因分析及治理对策

西藏昌都地区夏通街滑坡是在古滑坡体上复活的新滑坡。自2001年以来滑坡变形破坏迹象日趋严重，引起了各方的关注。通过对滑坡的现场调查，了解其形成的地质背景。并对变形情况进行长期监测。在分析其变形特征的基础上，对古滑坡体的复活成因机理进行了分析研究。夏通街新滑坡是多种因素综合作用形成的。如河流冲刷、人类工程活动、降雨、地质条件等。其中起控制作用的主要因素是不合理的人类工程活动，特别是修建214国道对坡脚的开挖，使其抗滑段遭到破坏，抗滑力减小。另一控制因素则是连续3a的强降雨，使坡体岩土体力学性质降低，最终导致古滑坡体复活。根据对滑坡变形破坏情况的研究，提出相应的主动防治与被动防治相结合的治理对策。     

嵌岩桩理论研究和设计中的几个问题

明确嵌岩桩的定义和分类,对嵌岩桩的承载机理、临界嵌入深度、设计理论和数值模拟方法等问题进行讨论,并对未来的工作进行论述。     

Relationship Between the Number of Summer Typhoons Engendered over the Northwest Pacific and South China Sea and Main Climatic Conditions in the Preceding Winter and Spring

Based on the monthly NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, OLR (outgoing longwave radiation) data, and tropical cyclone data from the Typhoon Annual and Tropical Cyclone Annual edited by China Meteorological Administration, the relationship between the number of tropical cyclones (with the strongest wind ≥17 m s-1, including tropical storm, strong tropical storm, and typhoon, simply called typhoon in this paper)engendered over the Northwest Pacific and South China Sea in summer and the associated climate conditions is studied. First, the characteristics and di?erences of the climatic conditions between the years with more typhoons and those with fewer typhoons are compared. The results show that the summer typhoon has a close relationship with SST (sea surface temperature) and ITCZ (intertropical convergence zone) anomalies in the preceding winter and spring. With a La Niena like SST anomaly (SSTA) pattern in the preceding winter and spring, the ITCZ will move northwestward and be enhanced around 160°E in the equatorial central Pacific from the preceding winter to spring.The activity of the Pacific ITCZ is in general stronger and its location is more northward than usual, especially in the typhoon genesis region in West Pacific. This background is propitious to have more typhoons in summer. On the other hand, an El Nieno like SSTA pattern in the preceding winter will be companied with weaker ITCZ activities, and its location is more southward over the equatorial western Pacific from the preceding winter to spring; this background is propitious to have fewer typhoons in summer. In the year with more typhoons, the warm SST over West Pacific in the preceding winter provides a favorable condition for typhoon fromation in the following summer. It enhances the convergence in the troposphere and increases the water vapor supply to the warm SST region. In the following spring, the perturbation of the tropical ITCZ plays a more important role.When the ITCZ moves northward in spring, anomalous convergence will appear over the warm SST region and inspire the positive feedback between the large-scale moisture flux at low levels and the latent heat release in the atmosphere, which benefits the typhoon genesis in summer. Otherwise, if cold SST maintains over the northwestern Pacific during the preceding winter and spring, the convergence in the troposphere is disfavored and the water vapor supply to the cold SST region is reduced, which will bring about weaker ITCZ activities and the perturbation is lacking in the following spring. It then results in fewer summer typhoons.