氧化铝粉对微孔方镁石—镁铝尖晶石耐火骨料显微结构和性能的影响

以盐湖轻烧MgO粉和煅烧Al2O3粉为原料制备了4组微孔方镁石－镁铝尖晶石耐火骨料(镁铝尖晶石5 wt.%~20 wt.%),并采用XRD、SEM和压汞仪等研究了煅烧Al2O3粉添加量(3.7 wt.%,7.7 wt.%,12.1 wt.%和16.8 wt%)对其显微结构和性能的影响。煅烧Al2O3粉在骨料内部形成多孔状镁铝尖晶石颗粒,增加其添加量,可增大微孔骨料的显气孔率,降低体积密度。尽管多孔状镁铝尖晶石微颗粒与MgO微颗粒间存在微裂纹,降低了耐火骨料的抗折强度,但该多孔镁铝尖晶石微颗粒能够诱导微孔骨料中微裂纹产生偏转和裂纹分支,在经受热震冲击时,能改善微孔骨料的热震稳定性。当煅烧Al2O3粉的添加量为7.7wt.%时,微孔方镁石－镁铝尖晶石耐火骨料拥有最佳的综合性能,其体积密度为3.23 g/cm3,中位孔径为386.1 nm,抗折强度为45.2 MPa,800 °C导热系数为10.5 W/(m·K),热震后抗折强度保持率最高(97.0%)。     

Recent Changes Occurred in the Terminus of the Debris-covered Bilafond Glacier in the Karakoram Himalayas Using Remotely Sensed Images and Digital Elevation Models (1978-2011)

Recent changes occurred in terminus of the debris-covered Bilafond Glacier in the Karakoram Range in the Himalayas, Northern Pakistan was investigated in this research. Landsat MSS, TM and ETM＋ images were used for this study. Digital elevation models derived from ASTER GDEM and SRTM were also utilized. Visible, infrared and thermal infrared channels were utilized in order to get accurate glacier change maps. Three methods were tried to map this debris-covered glacier in this research. The glacier has been mapped successfully and the changes in the glacier terminus from 1978 to 2011 have been calculated. Manual, semi-automatic and thermal methods were found to give similar results. It was found that the glacier has undergone serious ablation during this period despite of the fact that many of the larger glaciers in the Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountain regions in the Upper Indus Basin were reported to be expanding. The terminus has been moved back about 600 meters during this period and there was an abrupt change in the glacier terminus during 1990-2002. We propose that debris thickness is not the only factor that influences the glacier ablation but the altitude of the debris-covered glacier as well. Many glaciers in the Karakoram region reported to be expanding were having higher altitudes compared to the study area.     

汶泗河冲洪积扇松散层现场热响应试验数据分析及应用——以兖州市南郊试验场为例

现场热响应试验是获取岩土体热物性参数的主要方法之一,可为试验场区地源热泵工程地埋管换热器类型及长度的选择,浅层地热能评价和开发利用提供基础数据。该文系统介绍了现场热响应试验的目地任务、试验装置、原理、内容和步骤,数据处理方法,并以位于汶泗河冲洪积扇中上流地区的兖州市南郊试验场松散层现场热响应试验为例,介绍了试验场区水文地质条件,试验过程、试验数据分析及应用。     

荒漠河岸胡杨(Populus euphratica)树干液流的时滞效应

以2012年4—9月树干液流速率与环境因子的实测数据,分析了荒漠河岸胡杨(Populus euphratica)树干液流的时滞效应。结果表明:不同月份胡杨树干液流速率对不同环境因子的时滞不同;4—9月,胡杨树干液流速率峰值时间比太阳辐射峰值时间晚约1h,比空气温度峰值时间早约1h,比水汽压差峰值时间早约2h,比空气相对湿度谷值时间早约2h;对影响胡杨树干液流速率的环境因子进行了主成分分析,发现胡杨树干液流速率与1h以前的第1主成分、第2主成分相关性最高,相关系数分别为0.864、0.875;对错位前后胡杨树干液流速率与环境因子进行多元线性回归分析发现,在胡杨树干液流的数值模拟中,考虑液流相对于环境因子的时滞效应可以提高模型的拟合精度。     

1981—2010年台湾热不适指数之时空特征

本研究分析1981—2010年间台湾地区生物气象不适指数（Discomfort Index,DI）在空间上的分布及时间上变化的趋势,结果显示不适指数的区域差异及时间上变化和趋势均相当明显。以月平均来看,台湾主要都市有将近半年的不舒适时间（DI≥24）,而夏季7—8月份主要都市地区更达到极度不舒适的程度（DI≥27）。海拔〉600 m的山区全年的生物气象环境皆属于舒适的范围。1981—2010年全年DI≥24及DI≥27日数的分析结果显示,30年间台湾中南部都市不舒适和极端不舒适日数皆有显著增加的趋势,北部的都市则没有明显的变化,东部地区几个都市则没有一致的结果。夏季7—8月份每日主要都市气候极端不舒适（DI≥27）的状况由8：00开始一直持续至晚上18：00,而12：00—13：00甚至接近热逆压（DI≥29）的等级,对人体健康可能造成危害。此外30年间大多数测站从夜间至清晨,不适指数皆呈现上升的趋势,使得夏季的不舒适的时间延长同时不舒适的程度加剧。气候变迁可能导致人类生物气象环境的变化,对处于热带及副热带气候交界,且有剧烈地形变化的台湾,持续观察环境舒适程度的变动,以及在数据可获得条件下再深入比较不同指数的应用性,是极具潜力而值得努力的研究方向。     

天津:地热开发攻破世界两大难题

正阅读提示:北方的供暖季,雾霾频频造访。于是,地热这一清洁能源逐渐受到关注。实际上,在天津,地热资源的开发利用已经走在世界前列,技术上先后攻破了基岩和孔隙型热储回灌两大世界难题,形成了在保护中开发、在开发中保护的良好机制。古人把从地壳裂隙深处涌出地面的热水喻为"金汤"。近年来,随着温泉、地热供暖等产业的发展,"金汤"盲目开采严重,一些地方的地热水位严重下降甚至枯竭。因此,加强地热水回灌成为地热管理工作的重中之重。在这方面,     

东亚大气热源的气候学特征分析

利用1948~2008年共61年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料对全球的大气热源(汇)统计处理,采用经验正交函数分解方法、气候态平均分析方法,分析了东亚地区的大气热源、热汇的基本气候特征,对61年来东亚地区大气热源热汇各月,各季节的气候态分析,并从全球的大气热源、热汇剖面分析中了解了其变化规律。揭示了全球大范围的大气热源区主要分布在南亚—热带印度洋—热带太平洋的中部和西部两侧、南美洲的赤道及其南侧地区一带,并得出其变化的平均趋势;0~60°N,每10个纬度带内热源、热汇的年变化不仅与全球纬向平均的热源、热汇年变化有非常大的差异,而且亚洲,青藏高原、东亚大陆、西太平洋地区6个平均纬度带之间的差异也非常明显。     

琼东南盆地深水区构造热演化特征及其影响因素分析

To reveal the tectonic thermal evolution and influence factors on the present heat flow distribution, based on 154 heat flow data, the present heat flow distribution features of the main tectonic units are first analyzed in detail, then the tectonic thermal evolution histories of 20 profiles are reestablished crossing the main deep-water sags with a structural, thermal and sedimentary coupled numerical model. On the basis of the present geothermal features, the Qiongdongnan Basin could be divided into three regions: the northern shelf and upper slope region with a heat flow of 50–70 m W/m2, most of the central depression zone of 70–85 m W/m2, and a NE trending high heat flow zone of 85–105 m W/m2 lying in the eastern basin. Numerical modeling shows that during the syn-rift phase, the heat flow increases generally with time, and is higher in basement high area than in its adjacent sags. At the end of the syn-rift phase, the heat flow in the deepwater sags was in a range of 60–85 m W/m2, while in the basement high area, it was in a range of 75–100 m W/m2. During the post-rift phase, the heat flow decreased gradually, and tended to be more uniform in the basement highs and sags. However, an extensive magmatism, which equivalently happened at around 5 Ma, has greatly increased the heat flow values, and the relict heat still contributes about 10–25 m W/m2 to the present surface heat flow in the central depression zone and the southern uplift zone. Further analyses suggested that the present high heat flow in the deep-water Qiongdongnan Basin is a combined result of the thermal anomaly in the upper mantle, highly thinning of the lithosphere, and the recent extensive magmatism. Other secondary factors might have affected the heat flow distribution features in some local regions. These factors include basement and seafloor topography, sediment heat generation, thermal blanketing, local magmatic injecting and hydrothermal activities related to faulting and overpressure.     

Genetic parameter estimation for juvenile growth and upper thermal tolerance in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus)

Twenty-six half-sib groups(53 full-sib families) of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring(40–50 individuals/family) and subjected them to a thermal tolerance challenge over a period of 34 d. There was no significant difference in daily mortality(range: 0.580%–1.391%) between Days 1–13 during the thermal tolerance challenge. However, daily cumulative mortality increased rapidly between Days 14 and 29, especially on Days 15 and 16(20.232% and 34.377%, respectively). Mortality was highest on Day 16(14.145%). We estimated the genetic parameters using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. We used a likelihood ratio test to evaluate the significance of effects in models with and without identity as an effect, and compared the final log-likelihoods(maximum log L). Lastly, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlation between the upper thermal tolerance limit(UTT) and body weight(BW). In this study, the positive phenotypic correlation was low between UTT and BW(0.093±0.029). The genetic correlation between UTT and BW was negative(-0.044±0.239). The heritability for upper thermal tolerance was low(0.087±0.032), which is of approximately moderate heritability. The heritability for body weight was high(0.303±0.074). Our results suggest there is significant potential for improvement in the culture of turbot by selective breeding.     

两处滨海核电拟选址站历史水温特征分析及全球变暖背景下水温预估

核电站最终热阱通常指接受核电站排除余热的大气或水体,或两者的结合。由于核电厂的热效率比火电厂低,因此核电厂冷却水量比同样容量的火电厂大。一般核电厂均建在有充分水源的江、河、湖、海边。本研究通过对两个滨海候选核电厂址——广东乌屿和广西防城港历年夏季日最高水温累积频率的分析以及用皮尔逊-Ⅲ型方法对乌屿站30年年最高水温进行频率和重现期分析,最后通过用CCSM3耦合模式对未来70年两站的水温变化进行预估,结果可为核电站最终热阱设计提供输入依据。