7—9月南海热带气旋与玉林地区降水

本文统计分析了玉林地区后汛期（7－9月）的大－暴雨时发现，玉林地区后汛期大雨以上降水70％左右是与热带气旋有关，受南海热带气旋直接或间接影响的大雨以上降水则占50％左右。此外，本文还从历史资料中找出南海热带气旋生成的源地、移动路径、登陆地段，热带气旋到达不同地（海）域时与玉林地区降水的关系等。     

Can Adaptive Observations Improve Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts?简

In order to investigate whether adaptive observations can improve tropical cyclone （TC） intensity forecasts,observing system simulation experiments （OSSEs） were conducted for 20 TC cases originating in the western North Pacific during the 2010 season according to the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation （CNOP） sensitivity,using the fifth version of the PSU/NCAR mesoscale model （MM5） and its 3DVAR assimilation system.A new intensity index was defined as the sum of the number of grid points within an allocated square centered at the corresponding forecast TC central position,that satisfy constraints associated with the Sea Level Pressure （SLP）,near-surface horizontal wind speed,and accumulated convective precipitation.The higher the index value is,the more intense the TC is.The impacts of the CNOP sensitivity on the intensity forecast were then estimated.The OSSE results showed that for 15 of the 20 cases there were improvements,with reductions of forecast errors in the range of 0.12％-8.59％,which were much less than in track forecasts.The indication,therefore,is that the CNOP sensitivity has a generally positive effect on TC intensity forecasts,but only to a certain degree.We conclude that factors such as the use of a coupled model,or better initialization of the TC vortex,are more important for an accurate TC intensity forecast.     

Impacts of the Lowest Model Level Height on Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Structure简

Variable thicknesses in the lowest half-ηmodel level （LML） are often used in atmospheric models to compute surface diagnostic fields such as surface latent and sensible heat fluxes.The effects of the LML on simulated tropical cyclone （TC）evolution were investigated in this study using the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model.The results demonstrated notable influences of the LML on TC evolution when the LML was placed below 12 m.The TC intensification rate decreased progressively with a lowering of the LML,but its ultimate intensity change was relatively small.The maximum 10-m winds showed different behavior to minimum sea level pressure and azimuthally-averaged tangential winds,and thus the windpressure relationship was changed accordingly by varying the LML.The TC circulation was more contracted in association with a higher LML.Surface latent heat fluxes were enhanced greatly by elevating the LML,wherein the wind speed at the LML played a dominant role.The changes in the wind speed at the LML were dependent not only on their profile differences,but also the different heights they were taken from.Due to the enhanced surface heat fluxes,more intense latent heat release occurred in the eyewall,which boosted the storm＇s intensification.A higher LML tended to produce a stronger storm,and therefore the surface friction was reinforced,which in turn induced stronger boundary layer inflow together with increased diabatic heating.     

广西沿海热带气旋暴雨分析

利用1954-1998年的资料,以统计分析的方法,对广西沿海热带气旋暴雨与热带气旋生成地区、路径和天气形势的相互关系进行初步探讨,归纳出几点有价值的结论.     

1999年7月2日恩施全州性暴雨分析

利用ＧＭＳ红外云图、雷达回波资料及逐时自记雨量资料对１９９８年７月２日恩施全州性暴雨从云团演变、回波及雨团活动诸方面进行了分析,揭示了山区暴雨的某些中尺度特征,讨论了恩施特定的地形条件对暴雨天气的发生及时空分布的重要作用。     

理想热带气旋增强过程中的多尺度涡度收支特征分析

基于中尺度WRF模式,研究了无背景气流环境假设条件下理想热带气旋中低层大气多尺度涡旋运动的发展演变特征。精确的尺度分离是基于傅里叶变换实现的,且原始涡度场被划分为三个尺度范围：系统尺度(大于150 km)、中间尺度(50～150 km)、对流尺度(小于50 km)。研究结果表明：热带气旋的非轴对称本质主要是由于中间尺度和对流尺度上的运动造成的,且中间尺度涡度演变特征与热带气旋增强的阶段性有很好的对应关系,尤其是其快速增强阶段;全尺度涡度收支特征主要表现为两两抵消效应：STR/HAD和TIL/VAD,且前者的净贡献明显强于后者;系统尺度涡度收支特征与全尺度基本一致,但中间尺度涡度收支表现出明显不同特征：积分70 h之前,各收支项均表现出了与系统尺度相反的贡献,之后,各收支项的符号转变与系统尺度相同,但收支项净贡献明显大于系统尺度。总的来说,水平分辨率5 km下模拟的理想热带气旋的快速增强主要与中间尺度上STR/HAD净贡献的快速增长有关。此外,进一步研究了特定时段中间尺度涡度收支项的空间演变,结果表明：在热带气旋增强阶段,各收支项均在涡旋内核的轴对称化中有不可忽视的作用,且TIL在中心负...     

2021/2022年冬季全球大气环流特征及主要灾害性天气分析

利用国家气象信息中心发布的第一代全球大气/陆面再分析产品数据分析了2021/2022年北半球冬季全球大气环流的主要特征及其主要灾害性天气。结果表明：2021/2022年北半球冬季全球陆地降水偏多、气温偏高、灾害性天气多、极端性强。北半球对流层上层中高纬大气环流主要呈现出“三槽三脊”特征,前期太平洋—北美地区PNA负位相环流形势最强,后期北大西洋涛动(NAO)正位相环流形势最为显著,中高纬度槽脊强度和位置变化是造成欧亚大陆和北美低温、寒潮暴风雪等灾害性天气的直接原因。南半球极涡为单极型,基本位于极圈内且大部分时段强度偏强,副热带高压强度偏强且稳定少动,造成澳大利亚、阿根廷等地持续高温天气。2月南印度洋热带气旋活跃,一个月内先后有4个热带气旋登陆或影响马达加斯加,造成严重洪涝灾害。