基于改进覆盖度模型的南昌市基础教育资源空间布局效率分析

随着物质生活水平的不断提升,人们对于教育质量和教育公平的要求在不断提高,推进城乡义务教育一体化发展是教育改革的趋势,教育资源研究也得到了国内外学者的持续关注。本文对传统覆盖度模型进行改进,并结合比例模型的公平性指数等方法,对2018年南昌市辖区中小学教育资源在乡镇/街道上的分布特征与布局效率进行了探索分析。研究表明:①中小学现有办学规模与江西省基本办学条件之间存在差异,各辖区中小学班额人数皆超过标准;②居民享受教育资源的公平性在乡镇/街道层面上存在差异,小学与中学教育资源获取便捷性较高的乡镇/街道分别位于西湖区与青山湖区、东湖区与红谷滩新区;③中小学服务区覆盖度与重复度均呈现明显的核心外围特征,教育资源布局的覆盖率与重复率存在较强的正相关性;④南昌市中学教育资源的空间布局聚集特征远高于小学,近半数乡镇/街道的中学空间布局属于高覆盖效率型和高重复型,且基本聚集在中心城区范围内;⑤中小学教育资源在乡镇/街道尺度上的总体空间布局效率呈显著差异,以偏差布局类型为主,教育资源分布均衡性较差,中小学服务区高覆盖高重复或低覆盖低重复的偏差状况较为显著,综合服务效率偏低。     

浅谈矿业权市场化建设与发展

近年来,我国矿业权交易的市场化获得了蓬勃发展。它有利于充分发挥市场机制提高资源配置效率,实现矿产资源国家所有权益,促进经济可持续发展和资源永续利用。但由于我国矿业权市场化起步较晚,现行政策法规还很不健全。笔者结合多年的矿管工作实践,就矿业权市场化建设与发展谈一谈认识。     

Growth and feed efficiency of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed formulated diets containing different levels of poultry by-product meal

This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture ofLitopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to near to commercial diet with about 40% protein and 7.5% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by 0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 100% of PBM (diets 1-7). The diet with 100% fish meal was used as a control (diet 1). Post-larvae were reared in an indoor semi-closed re-circulating system. Each dietary treatment was tested in 4 replicate tanks (260 L) of 40 shrimp, arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimps were hand-fed for three times a day to near-satiation (0700, 1200 and 1800) for 60d. Percentage weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition of shrimps were measured. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimps fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). However, shrimps fed diet 7 (100% fish meal replacement) had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). Shrimp fed diets 2-4 (30%-50% fish meal replacement) showed significantly higher growth than those fed diets 6 and 7 (70% and 100% fish meal replacement, respectively). Survival ranged from 94.7% to 100.0% and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different experimental diets. No differences in body composition were found among shrimps fed different diets. These results showed that up to 70% of fish meal protein can be replaced by PBM without adversely affecting the growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.     

桁拖网渔具刚性栅栏对鱼类的分隔效率研究

东海捕虾桁拖网选择性能不佳,对渔业资源的保护和渔业的合理管理带来了负面的影响.刚性栅栏是实现拖网渔具种类选择性捕捞的主要装置,本文根据在吕四渔场开展刚性栅栏海上生产试验,结合SELECT模型分析不同栅条间距(15、20和25mm)的刚性栅栏对短吻舌鳎、小黄鱼和棘头梅童鱼的分隔效率.结果表明,随着栅条间距的增大,栅栏对鱼类的重量分隔率逐渐减小,分隔栅栏对鱼类的50%选择体长(L50S))逐渐增大;对于短吻舌鳎,个体接触分隔栅栏的概率可使用常数来表示,即接触概率与个体尺寸无关,接触概率在0.2-0.4之间,并随着栅条间距的增大而增大(不显著,P>0.05):对于小黄鱼和棘头梅童鱼,所有进入网囊的个体都将接触刚性栅栏;不同鱼类接触栅栏概率的显著差异说明不同鱼类在网囊中的不同行为习性.     

Growth of marine bacteria and ammonium regeneration from substrates in different C: N ratios

Natural assemblages of marine bacteria were chosen in a batch culture experiments. The impact of varying nitrogen substrate concentrations and the substrate C:N ratios (C:N_S) on the bacterial C:N ratio (C:N_B), the bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) and ammonium regeneration was mainly examined. The C:N_S ratios varied from 5:1 (carbon limitation) to 40:1 (nitrogen limitation) with varying combinations of glucose and NO₃^-. The C:N_B ratio had positive relationship with the C:N_S ratio (r=0.93, n=8), whose value was 3.77 when the C:N_S ratio was 5:1 but increased to 6.47 when the C:NS ratio was 40:1. These results indicate that the C:N_B ratio is a potential diagnostic tool for determining the bacterial growth in natural waters controlled by either, carbon or nitrogen. BGE decreased with the declining nitrate concentration and negatively related to C:N_s (r=-0.51, n=8). The average value of BGE was 0.20. This value was a little lower than other reports, which could be induced by the nitrogen source used in our experiments. Finally, regeneration time of ammonium delayed with the increasing C:N_S ratio, which indicates that there were different metabolism mechanisms when bacterial growth was limited by carbon source and nitrogen source.     

减轻煤炭对生态影响的一条捷径——提高发电厂生产效率

毋庸置疑,对煤进行洁净处理和脱硫或者采用碳捕获与储存技术,可以最大限度地减轻燃煤发电对环境的影响,但还有一种选择,就是减少煤的用量。     

以国土资源信息化建设增强保障能力 提升服务效率和水平

贵州是我国西部地区的矿产资源大省,国家重要的能源和原材料基地,是西南地区的陆路交通枢纽,也是全国唯一没有平原支撑的省份。人均耕地少,宜农土地后备资源紧缺,人地矛盾突出。由于地理环境特殊,经济基础薄弱,国土资源信息化起步较晚。2000年贵州省国土资源厅成立以来,历届党组高度重视国土资源信息化建设工作,科学决策、真抓实干,聚全省之气、举全厅之力,以“窗口办文”为主要形式,以依法行政、政务公开为基本要求,以推行电子政务为突破口,在全省国土资源系统大力推进信息化及电子政务建设。     

实行目标管理 钻探效率上台阶

目标管理是一项现代化的管理技术和方法，近年来已广泛应用于各行各业。我局自1991年把目标管理应用于探矿工程管理工作之中，经过2年实践，已取得了显著成效，使我局钻探效率连续2年上了2个大台阶。     

碳酸盐岩石成因类型的判别分析和白云鄂博“白云岩”的成因讨论

本文根据对世界上20多个国家和我国21个省碳酸盐岩石化学全分析数据的统计和换算结果,发现岩浆碳酸岩与沉积碳酸盐岩之间常量元素的一般含量无显著不同,但采用两组或逐步判别分析的方法,仍能将岩浆碳酸岩与沉积碳酸盐岩很好的区分开。判别效率可达90%以上。将这一方法应用到白云”鄂博矿区的“白云岩”和灰岩,90%以上的“白云岩”样品判为岩浆碳酸岩,灰岩的样品全部判为沉积碳酸盐岩,与它们的地质产状和地球化学特征一致。     

确定机井装置效率指标的优化法

本文在机井装置效率试验研究的基础上,按照机泵高效区运行及井泵合理配套的原则,建立了目标函数及约束条件,组成机井装置效率的优化模型,然后介绍了优化模型的计算机解法和针对模型特性的简单解法。