吉林龙湾湿地文化发展探析

<正>吉林龙湾湿地地处长白山系龙岗山脉中段,位于吉林省辉南县境内,于2003年由国务院批准成立吉林龙湾国家级自然保护区,总面积15061hm2,其中核心区面积5678hm2,重点保护对象是以火山地质地貌为基础形成的湿地生态系统和多种多     

美国佛罗里达大沼泽生态系统的研究与管理

<正>佛罗里达大沼泽(Everglades)是美国最有名的湿地,也是世界上最独特的湿地生态系统。大沼泽位于美国佛罗里达半岛南端,属热带和亚热带气候,月均温17～28℃,年平均降雨量1000～1650cm,6～11月是飓风的活跃期,也是强降雨期。这里所说的佛罗里达大沼泽生态系统是指佛罗里达大沼泽国家公园     

西藏高原湿地掠影之十:大卡湖

<正>大卡湖位于西藏波密县岗乡自然保护区内,是帕隆藏布江中下游的一个支流。波密岗乡自然保护区以保护高产云杉等森林生态系统为目的,被誉为中国最美的十大森林之一。这里山高树密,古木参天,珍稀野生动物活动频繁,各类名贵中药材蕴藏丰富。博大而精深,神秘且美丽。     

恢复植被不能以人类的“视觉”效果为取向

恢复植被要以自然规律为取向,而不能以人类的“视觉”效果为取向。自然规律要求生物的多样化和食物链化,没有生物的多样性和不能成为食物链中的一环,这样的植被恢复是很短视的,效果也是很单一的。那种只有植物而没有或很少动物的生态系统不是健康的生态系统。所以说,生态不等于绿色。     

The progress and prospects of nebkhas in arid areas

Nebkhas are often extensively distributed in arid and semi-arid areas, and play an important role in the stabilization of ecological environment in these areas. This paper reviews the following aspects, including formation and succession, spatial distribution, shape and surface airflow characteristics, balance between erosion and deposition, ecological and physiological characteristics of vegetation, response to precipitation and groundwater, soil properties as well as the protection measures. We found that nebkhas were studied without differentiation of succession periods, and shape characteristics, surface airflow, soil properties as well as vegetation dynamics in different succession periods were not fully understood, which made it difficult to explain the succession dynamics of nebkhas and its affecting factors. Previous studies of nebkhas were over-emphasized for its role as an indicator of land degradation, while its ecological functions in degraded ecosystems were neglected, which was unfavorable for the ecological restorations in arid and semi-arid areas. Future studies should pay more attention to the variation of vegetation, soil as well as hydrological process in the succession of nebkhas and its interaction between different influencing factors. In addition, positive role of nebkhas in degraded ecosystems in arid and semi-arid areas should be fully discussed. According to the data got from the above, effective protection measures of nebkhas should be explored.     

英国“与环境变化共存”(LWEC)计划介绍

"与环境变化共存"(Living With Environmental change,LWEC)计划是一项为期10年(2008-2017年)、投入达10亿英镑的计划.来自英国的20家机构参与此计划,开展政策型综合研究,帮助社会应对全球不断变化的气候和环境所带来的挑战.LWEC计划于2008年6月18日在伦敦威斯敏斯特正式启动.     

中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全

生态系统服务是国际生态学研究的前沿和热点,表现出向生态系统服务机理和区域集成方法两大方向发展的趋势.开展陆地生态系统服务研究,是生态系统恢复、生态功能区划和建立生态补偿机制、保障国家生态安全的重大战略需求.面向国家重大需求和生态系统服务研究的国际前沿,以主要陆地生态系统为对象,"中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全"项目拟解决3个科学问题:①生态系统结构-过程-服务功能的相互作用机理;②生态系统服务功能的尺度特征与多尺度关联;③生态系统服务功能评估的指标与模型.通过上述研究,发展生态系统服务研究的理论与方法,为国家的生态建设和环境保护提供科学支撑.     

黄河三角洲潮滩潮沟近期变化遥感监测

Integrating remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS) and fractal theory, change characteristics of tidal flats and tidal creeks in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta over the period of 1986-2001 were discussed. The results show that evolutions of tidal fiats throughout the Huanghe River Delta are influenced by various factors, and that progressive succession and regression of tidal flats concur in different coastal segments of the delta. Human activities have played an increasingly important role in the succession process of tidal flats. Due to land reclamation in coastal zones of the delta in the last 15 years, lots of tidal flats were occupied, the artificial coastline migrated seaward (the maximum change rate was 0.8 kmyr^-1) and tidal creeks became sparser (the highest decreasing rate of length of tidal creeks was 14.9 kmyr^-1). Except for two coastal segments from the Tiaohe Estuary to the 106 Station and from the south of the Huanghe River mouth to the north of the Xiaodao River Estuary,fractal dimension values of tidal creeks in the remaining coastal segments of the delta decreased. In addition, the time dimension, sediment fluxes into the sea, waves and tidal-currents have profound influences on the evolution process of tidal flats. Four types of tidal flats-river-dominated tidal flats,tide-dominated tidal flats, wave-dominated tidal flats and man-dominated tidal flats can be identified.Owing to the intensification of human activities in coastal zones of the delta, man-dominated tidal flats have become the main kind of tidal flats.     

长江口潮滩环境信息系统功能设计研究

该文在对长江口潮滩环境信息系统研究紧迫性分析的基础上,总结了长江口潮滩环境信息系统实现的总体目标、技术路线,同时阐述基于组件技术实现长江口潮滩环境信息系统的总体思路。