西藏高原湿地掠影之十:大卡湖

<正>大卡湖位于西藏波密县岗乡自然保护区内,是帕隆藏布江中下游的一个支流。波密岗乡自然保护区以保护高产云杉等森林生态系统为目的,被誉为中国最美的十大森林之一。这里山高树密,古木参天,珍稀野生动物活动频繁,各类名贵中药材蕴藏丰富。博大而精深,神秘且美丽。     

恢复植被不能以人类的“视觉”效果为取向

恢复植被要以自然规律为取向,而不能以人类的“视觉”效果为取向。自然规律要求生物的多样化和食物链化,没有生物的多样性和不能成为食物链中的一环,这样的植被恢复是很短视的,效果也是很单一的。那种只有植物而没有或很少动物的生态系统不是健康的生态系统。所以说,生态不等于绿色。     

The progress and prospects of nebkhas in arid areas

Nebkhas are often extensively distributed in arid and semi-arid areas, and play an important role in the stabilization of ecological environment in these areas. This paper reviews the following aspects, including formation and succession, spatial distribution, shape and surface airflow characteristics, balance between erosion and deposition, ecological and physiological characteristics of vegetation, response to precipitation and groundwater, soil properties as well as the protection measures. We found that nebkhas were studied without differentiation of succession periods, and shape characteristics, surface airflow, soil properties as well as vegetation dynamics in different succession periods were not fully understood, which made it difficult to explain the succession dynamics of nebkhas and its affecting factors. Previous studies of nebkhas were over-emphasized for its role as an indicator of land degradation, while its ecological functions in degraded ecosystems were neglected, which was unfavorable for the ecological restorations in arid and semi-arid areas. Future studies should pay more attention to the variation of vegetation, soil as well as hydrological process in the succession of nebkhas and its interaction between different influencing factors. In addition, positive role of nebkhas in degraded ecosystems in arid and semi-arid areas should be fully discussed. According to the data got from the above, effective protection measures of nebkhas should be explored.     

英国“与环境变化共存”(LWEC)计划介绍

"与环境变化共存"(Living With Environmental change,LWEC)计划是一项为期10年(2008-2017年)、投入达10亿英镑的计划.来自英国的20家机构参与此计划,开展政策型综合研究,帮助社会应对全球不断变化的气候和环境所带来的挑战.LWEC计划于2008年6月18日在伦敦威斯敏斯特正式启动.     

中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全

生态系统服务是国际生态学研究的前沿和热点,表现出向生态系统服务机理和区域集成方法两大方向发展的趋势.开展陆地生态系统服务研究,是生态系统恢复、生态功能区划和建立生态补偿机制、保障国家生态安全的重大战略需求.面向国家重大需求和生态系统服务研究的国际前沿,以主要陆地生态系统为对象,"中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全"项目拟解决3个科学问题:①生态系统结构-过程-服务功能的相互作用机理;②生态系统服务功能的尺度特征与多尺度关联;③生态系统服务功能评估的指标与模型.通过上述研究,发展生态系统服务研究的理论与方法,为国家的生态建设和环境保护提供科学支撑.     

黄河三角洲潮滩潮沟近期变化遥感监测

Integrating remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS) and fractal theory, change characteristics of tidal flats and tidal creeks in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta over the period of 1986-2001 were discussed. The results show that evolutions of tidal fiats throughout the Huanghe River Delta are influenced by various factors, and that progressive succession and regression of tidal flats concur in different coastal segments of the delta. Human activities have played an increasingly important role in the succession process of tidal flats. Due to land reclamation in coastal zones of the delta in the last 15 years, lots of tidal flats were occupied, the artificial coastline migrated seaward (the maximum change rate was 0.8 kmyr^-1) and tidal creeks became sparser (the highest decreasing rate of length of tidal creeks was 14.9 kmyr^-1). Except for two coastal segments from the Tiaohe Estuary to the 106 Station and from the south of the Huanghe River mouth to the north of the Xiaodao River Estuary,fractal dimension values of tidal creeks in the remaining coastal segments of the delta decreased. In addition, the time dimension, sediment fluxes into the sea, waves and tidal-currents have profound influences on the evolution process of tidal flats. Four types of tidal flats-river-dominated tidal flats,tide-dominated tidal flats, wave-dominated tidal flats and man-dominated tidal flats can be identified.Owing to the intensification of human activities in coastal zones of the delta, man-dominated tidal flats have become the main kind of tidal flats.     

长江口潮滩环境信息系统功能设计研究

该文在对长江口潮滩环境信息系统研究紧迫性分析的基础上,总结了长江口潮滩环境信息系统实现的总体目标、技术路线,同时阐述基于组件技术实现长江口潮滩环境信息系统的总体思路。     

江苏中南部潮滩有孔虫特征及其与环境的关系

江苏中南部沿岸潮滩现代表层沉积物样品的定量分析结果表明其有孔虫为混合埋葬群,由原地生活分子和外海的异地分子混合而成,其特点是分异度偏高、丰度变化大、壳径偏小、壳体机械破坏较明显,富含壳径细小的浮游有孔虫。这些特点反映出埋葬群在形成过程中辐射沙洲区强大潮流的搬运作用。在搬运、沉积和埋葬过程中有孔虫壳体经受机械分选和破坏作用。埋葬群与生态环境因素和埋葬环境因素均有密切关系。     

地质生态调查的内容与方法探讨

根据新一轮国土资源大调查的目标任务,对地质生态调查的内容、方法及成果提交等问题进行了探讨,提出了以人类经济技术活动对地质生态的影响作为主要调查内容,并 地质生态填图和多Ｓ技术为主要方法手段的意见。     

胶州湾北部水层生态动力学模型与模拟 Ⅰ.胶州湾北部水层生态动力学模型

建立了一个包括浮游植物、浮游动物、无机氮和磷、溶解态与悬浮有机物及溶解氧七状态变量的浅海水体生态动力学箱式模型,并且考虑了海面太阳辐照度变化、海水与底泥温度变化以及营养盐海底溶出和陆源流入的影响。初步分析了在胶州湾北部浮游生态系统演变的几个特征时期动力学方程中的物流动态特征。结果是比较合理的。