中国近海近50年海平面变化速度及预测

由验潮资料求得的平均海平面变化包括绝对海平面变化和地壳垂直变化两部分。采用沿海符合均衡原理布设的验潮站资料 ,经各站取平均后 ,基本消除了地壳垂直变化对平均海平面变化的影响。得出中国近海 5 0年平均的海平面变化速度为 (1 3± 0 2 5 )mm/a,最近时间段海平面变化速度已上升为 3 5 9mm/a。同时给出了海平面变化速度最佳拟合的预测方法     

潮汐汊道均衡断面面积计算与稳定性分析中的问题 ——以海南陵水新村为例

通过对潮汐汊道稳定性与均衡断面面积定义的探讨,明确了O Brien等、Kreeke与Bruun对潮汐汊道稳定性定义的差异。通过不同方法求解一维水力学与连续方程,计算了海南陵水新村潮汐汊道的封闭曲线,并采用华南沿海A-P关系得出的均衡流速曲线及Soulsby临界流速曲线,计算了新村潮汐汊道的均衡断面面积,根据O Brien等与Kreeke的稳定性定义对新村潮汐汊道的稳定性进行了判别。结果表明,在大、小潮期用不同方法及不同的断面变化方式得出的稳定均衡断面面积(A2)在同样的均衡流速曲线下基本一致,而小潮期的稳定均衡断面面积要小于大潮期,最大流速处的断面面积(Acc)要大于大潮期。A2、Acc及饱满系数为0.8时对应的断面面积三者之间具有较大的差异。用封闭曲线求取潮汐汊道均衡断面面积并进行稳定性判断,在概念上有一定意义,可以作为潮汐汊道稳定性判断的一个依据,但通过求解一维水力学与连续方程以获取均衡断面面积则具有较大的局限性与不确定性。应通过中长期的野外观测、数值模拟与物理模型,以确定潮汐汊道的水动力特征以及地形演变规律,得出A-P关系进而求出均衡断面面积,并结合Bruun方法判定潮汐汊道的稳定性。     

关于海图深度基准面计算方法的若干问题

选取了中国沿岸57个验潮站，根据《海道测量规范》中理论最低潮面的定义，用19年最低天文潮面对该规范中的计算方法作了检验和分析。结果表明：在不考虑浅水改正时，两者基本相同；该规范中关于浅水改正的计算方法不能充分组合出最低潮位，造成浅水区计算的理论最低潮面偏高。指出了使用《海道测量规范》中所列计算公式时需要注意的几个问题。     

Silting in the Lower Courses of Tidal Sluices in China

Serious sediment deposition often occurs after the construction of tidal sluices in snrall or medium-sized tidal muddy estuaries, so desilting or dredging is needed to meet the demands of flood diseharge, saltwater retaining, and navigation in those areas. In this paper, the problem of sediment deposition induced by construction of tidal sluices is analyzed.Different problems of silting near tidal sluices for different types of estuaries are summed up. at the same time, corresponding methods are given to solve these probleras, and a few successful examples are also given. The idea of comprehensive regulation and utilization of estuaries is put forward, and some proposals for solution of sediment deposition in this kind of estuaries are made.     

Bottom Sediment Transport in the Flood and Ebb Channels of the Changjiang Estuary

Nanxiaohong and Nangang main south channel are chosen as the typical flood and ebb channels. Hydrodynamics analysis based on field hydrological and sediment data is conducted with Gao-Collins model to analyse sediment transport trends. Also, the grain size distribution analysis of the bottom sediment sampled in Sep. 2001 is used as the base of the analysis. The result shows that the sediment in Nanxiaohong is from the rive mouth area. The sediment transports upwards with the flood flow which is stronger than the ebb flow, i.e., in the direction of SE-WN. The sediment in main south channel comes from upward. They transport downwards with the ebb flow. which is stronger than the flood flow, i.e., in the direction of WN-SE. The directions, sources and mechanism of sediment transport are identified according to comprehensive analyses of the observed data on hydrodynamics and sediment.     

倾斜潮汐振幅因子γ值异常的定量化研究

讨论了潮汐振幅因子γ值的变化幅度和频度异常的特征及含义。借助Ｆ统计检验理论研究了潮汐因子γ值的合成和异常定量化方法，提出了可用于定量描述异常程度的“异常指数”和异常检验准则。异常定量化研究的结果表明，震前异常呈有序迁移特征，并在异常时间和空间上与地震相关。研究结果与该区域现今大地测量结果相一致。     

The importance of wave-tide-surge interaction to coastal material transport and diffusion

This study is to combine a coastal high-resolution (2′×2′) two-way coupled wave-tide-surge numerical model (including 3 main physical mechanisms) with a material transport/diffusion model for understanding the law of material transport/diffusion. Results show that the law of material trans- port/diffusion driven by background current field simulated by the coupled wave-tide-surge model is dif- ferent from that simulated by pure tide-surge, and more different from traditional ones driven by tidal current. The coupled background current should be taken into account for the simulation.     

重庆台倾斜潮汐形变干扰异常与震兆异常的识别

在系统清理重庆台十多年来的水平摆倾斜仪的记录图纸、观测数据与原始手簿后,分析总结了温度、降雨、抽水、载荷改变等强干扰的形态特征、干扰机理、影响量级等,确定了其识别方法和轨迹运行规律及排除方法;并对发生于距台站北67 km的统景5.4级地震(1989-11-20)前4天台站水平摆倾斜潮汐形变记录出现的异常现象作出了确属震兆异常图像的识别.     

地月系潮汐演化长期趋势的估计

根据角动量守恒原理,计算了地月系经潮汐演化到达平衡状态时的旋转周期和地月距离.并根据当前与平衡状态时地月系的总能量差,计算了到达平衡状态的时间.进而估计了地月距离变化和地球自转速率变化的长期趋势.     

云南丽江台OSG-066重力潮汐观测结果及应用

基于云南丽江台超导重力仪OSG-066超过5 a的连续重力潮汐观测资料，获取高精度潮汐参数并构建地方重力潮汐模型，为丽江地区精确重力潮汐改正提供参考。研究9个全球海潮模型在丽江台的重力影响改正有效性，用时域内回归分析法和频域内小波分析法分别研究大气重力导纳值的变化特征，并利用观测潮汐数据估算自由核章动本征参数。结果表明，9个海潮模型在丽江台的重力影响改正效果基本一致，NAO.99b模型的改正精度较高；大气重力导纳值在时域和频域内均显示出较为明显的季节性变化特征，且与降雨量变化存在负相关关系。自由核章动本征周期为431.5(411.2, 454.0)恒星日，品质因子为 -2 796。