黄茅海河口沿程异常潮差数值模拟研究

通过一维及ECOMSED二维水动力数值模型,分别计算了黄茅海河口潮波传播中的非线性效应和径流对潮波的影响,以及潮能通量和潮能耗散.计算结果表明:1)在潮汐的高潮和低潮时,非线性效应对潮水位的影响较为明显,且越向上游影响越显著;2)当径流量加大到一定程度时,沿程潮差逐渐向上游减小,而当径流较小时,潮差则沿程增大;3)崖门...     

Analysis of characteristics of time-frequency correlations between runoff, tidal range and salinity in the Changjiang Estuary

Power spectrum and cross-wavelet transform analysis was adopted to study the time-frequency characteristics and multiscale correlations between runoff, tidal range and salinity in the Changjiang Estuary based on the runoff data collected at the Datong Station, the tidal range measured at the Baozhen Station, and the salinity at the Baogang Station from 2008 to 2009. The variations of the salinity showed significant periodicity at scales of 2-3, 7-8, 14-15 and 26-30 d. The correlation between the salinity and the runoff and the tidal range were found to be significantly related to shock at scales of 5-7, 14-15, 26-30 d and 0.5 a. The correlation between the runoff and the salinity was mainly in the same phase, while the correlation between the tidal range and the salinity was in the antiphase. Different frequency bands were related to different degrees, and their relevance increased as the resonance frequency decreased. In addition, changes of the seasonal runoff were obvious. Specifically, a point of discontinuity was reached in early June with a cycle of 7-8 d, which coincided with the periodicity of plum rains in the Changjiang-Huaihe region. High-frequency changes (8-16 d period) of the salinity corresponded to the time domain in January-April 2008, February-April 2009 and October-December 2009 and exhibited an approximately 0.5 a (184 d) long frequency oscillation. Short-period changes were found to be stronger than long-period changes. Cross-wavelet transforms for the salinity, the runoff and the tidal range revealed local features in the time domain, while the significant levels of different periodic oscillations were observed in the frequency domain. The correlation characteristics of the salinity and the runoff were significant in the 80-90 d frequency domain, indicating that the major impact of the runoff on the salinity was reflected in seasonal changes. The tidal range on the small scale of 14-15 and 30-32 d was more obvious than the runoff.     

近期长江大通至南京河段潮动力变化趋势与机制

近期长江感潮河段径、潮动力已然发生变化,但其变化机制与趋势有待进一步探讨。通过对长江大通至南京河段的野外调查,并分析了近40年来大通、芜湖和南京站水文资料,探讨了近期该河段的潮动力变化机制与趋势。结果表明:近年来长江大通至南京段潮动力有增强趋势。具体表现为相近径流量条件,潮差平均增大约10 cm,主要分潮振幅增加10%～30%,潮汐形态系数有减小趋势。引起上述变化的原因可能有:(1)近期感潮河段整体冲刷变深导致潮波上溯阻力减小;(2)口外潮汐动力增强以及海平面上升等使潮汐上溯能力增强。此外,长江流域修建了大量水库群,导致该河段径流量变化由自然因素主导变成自然与人为调控共同作用为主,从而影响了潮动力的相对强弱。     

全球变化 地面下沉导致

多年来不断上升的海平面，不仅逼得太平洋岛国图瓦鲁举国迁往新西兰，也将在未来对我国沿海一些地区构成一定威胁。     

基于Copula函数的设计潮位过程要素组合风险分析

现行推求设计潮位过程大多采用高潮位与潮差同频率放大的方法,未考虑到二者遭遇可能性的大小。采用G-H Copula函数建立了年最高潮位和相应潮差的二维联合分布模型,通过组合风险分析法研究了设计高潮位和设计潮差的组合风险率。以天津港多年实测资料计算分析为例,结果表明:较大重现期的高潮位和潮差同时发生的概率较小,50年一遇高潮位与50年一遇潮差组合的风险率仅为0.05%,同频率设计偏安全,可依据组合风险率适当降低潮差设计标准。所采用的联合分布模型及其应用,在定量分析基础上为设计潮位过程的推求提供了一种新方法。     

从雅江地震看地震前兆数字化台网技术

石棉川-02井系国家基本井，其井水位观测值对附近区域内的地震有比较敏感的前兆反映，在进行地震前兆数字化技术改造后，处于试记和调试阶段的LN-3型数字水位仪，记录到了一些地震前兆信息。LN-3型数字水位仪与SW40-l型浮子式机械水位仪相比，不仅信息传递快，而且记录了更丰富的有用信息。     

台湾海峡北口潮汐观测与分析

介绍在台湾海峡北口中部水深约65m处进行临时验潮的方法和过程，并将其测验结果与台湾海峡东西两岸验潮站的资料进行了比较分析。结果显示：海峡北口中部海域与纬度较相近的海峡西岸平潭（东澳）站及东岸的淡水站相比，潮型基本一致，均为正规半日潮，在月赤纬大时，潮汐的日不等现象明显；潮差与西岸较接近，而明显大于东岸；潮时与西岸基本相同而早于东岸。     

神狐海域潮汐分析及其在海洋三维地震作业中的运用

在海洋三维地震作业中，潮汐运动对地震作业影响很大，有时甚至因为潮汐对地震电缆的侧向影响需要中断作业。本文根据作业工区附近港口的潮汐数据计算推断出作业区潮汐的运行规律，遵循其规律避开潮汐的高潮期进行地震作业，以取得更好的地震采集资料和提高施工效率。     

九龙江口南港水位变化分析

根据石码站1980年以来多年潮位统计资料,分析九龙江口南港潮位变化及其原因.结果表明,近十多年来,南港低潮位持续下降,而高潮位变化不大,2005年平均潮差达4.0 m以上.大量挖取砂和径流量减少是导致低水位下降的主要原因.南港已成为受潮汐影响明显的河口潮流段,其深度基准面应按照海区性质,选用理论最低潮面.     

浙江海面变化的灰色模型分析与预测

应用灰色模型理论，分析了各影响海面变化因素的影响力度，指出影响浙江海面趋势性变化的主要因素是气温；建立了海面变化的灰色气温模型，其计算值与实测值吻合良好，可根据气温变化趋势预测未来海面变化趋势。若未来百年全球气温再上升１．５－５．５℃，浙江海面将对应上升２４－７８ｃｍ。灰色模型模拟还显示，未来平均高潮位于上升速率明显大于平均低潮位上升速率，潮差将逐渐增大，在相同平均海面升幅的情况下，未来海面上升对