不同保存条件下中华哲水蚤基因组DNA提取的比较

以采自厦门港的中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)为对象，研究多种保存条件对中华哲水蚤基因组DNA提取的影响。结果表明，除5％福尔马林保存的样品没有提取到DNA之外，其余样品均能成功提取出基因组DNA；以该DNA为模板通过相应引物成功扩增出线粒体DNACOI基因片段。其中无水乙醇保存样品提取可靠的基因组DNA方法的建立，为野外样品保存工作提供了一个简便，经济的途径。     

Preliminary analysis of population genetic diversity of cultivated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Laminaria japonica</Emphasis> sporophyte via AFLP technique

The amplified fragment length polymorphic DNA (AFLP) technique was adopted to estimate the population genetic polymorphism among 30 sporophytes of Laminaria japonica collected from a cultivating farm in Rongcheng, China. Three methods were used for genomic DNA extraction from Laminaria japonica sporophyte and only the products obtained using the improved genomic DNA extraction kit method proved qualified for AFLP analysis. The parameters of the method were optimized. Samples of forty milligrams and the cell lysis time of 120 min were suggested to replace the parameters recommended by the manufacturer. Thirty individuals of Laminaria japonica from the same cultivating site were investigated using one pair of selective primers. A total of 21 loci were obtained and 17 of them were polymorphic. The mean percent age of polymorphic loci of this population was 80.95%. The Nei’s gene diversity (H) within this population was 0.3028 and the average Shannon’s Information index (I) was 0.4498. A genetic distance matrix among different individuals was constructed as well. Through this study, an applicable AFLP genetic analysis working system for Laminaria japonica sporophyte was established. The results of this research also revealed a high level of genetic diversity within the studied population.     

Genetic Variation and Differentiation in Wide Ranging Populations of Razor Clam （Sinonovacula constricta） Inferred from AFLP Markers

The genetic variation and differentiation of the razor clam Sinonovacula constricts distributed along the coast of China were studied through amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)analysis. Six primer combinations generated 193 fragments. The He values varied from 0. 322 to 0. 463 and the percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 74. 1% to 98. 4%, which indicates a high level of genetic diversity. Cluster analysis by Nei's pairwise distance grouped all specimens by geographical origins. AMOVA consistently showed that genetic variation among populations was 8. 71%, and most of the variation came from the genetic variation within populations(91.29%). Genetic differentiation among the six populations was moderate; pairwise FST ranged from 0. 0282 to0. 1480, which indicated that S. Constricts populations along the coast of China are genetically connected. Among all the six populations, the Beihai population is the mostly differentiated from the others, suggesting that Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula act as barriers to gene flow. All populations abide isolation by distance model as indicated by Mantel test, except for ZS(Zhoushan)and YQ(Yueqing)populations. Information obtained in this study will provide guidelines for conservation and fishery management of this species in the future.     

RAPD技术在龙须菜遗传多样性研究中的应用 Ⅰ总DNA的提取及RAPD反应条件的优化

比较两种从龙须菜中提取总ＤＮＡ的方法,这两种方法得到的染色体ＤＮＡ具有较好的完整性,从ＤＮＡ的产量、蛋白质含量等指标可以看出,ＣＴＡＢ法优于蛋白酶Ｋ法。实验对龙须菜ＲＡＰＤ反应条件进行了优化：在２５μＬ反应体系中,含有Ｍｇ２＋２．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｄＮＴＰ１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,总ＤＮＡ２５ｎｇ,引物０．２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和Ｔａｑ酶１Ｕ,经９４℃变性１ｍｉｎ,３５℃退火１ｍｉｎ,７２℃延伸２ｍｉｎ,３５个循环,得到稳定的ＲＡＰＤ扩增图谱。     

有色观测噪声的随机模型级数表示及其补偿法

提出了有色观测噪声的随机模型级数表示及其补偿法,利用该方法能对随机模型进行修正.结合现代时间序列分析方法,并根据新息模型设计了状态最优滤波器.将本文方法与观测扩增方法进行了分析和比较,结果表明,利用该方法能有效控制有色观测噪声的影响.     

基于PCR和TOF-MS海洋源产脂肽芽孢杆菌筛选

【目的】准确高效分离红树林等海洋环境中产脂肽芽孢杆菌。【方法】将前期从红树林环境筛出具有抗菌活性的12株芽孢菌株作为研究菌株,采用溶血活性及排油作用对其中的可能产脂肽菌株进行初步筛选,并基于脂肽合成酶基因PCR扩增法对脂肽合成酶基因携带菌复筛,采用飞行时间质谱(TOF-MS)对所产脂肽进行鉴定。【结果】初步发现6株芽孢杆菌具有溶血活性,其中HY-5、HY-4和HN-9这3株具有排油能力,油层透明圈的直径分别为45、32和3 mm。PCR扩增检测到HY-5含有iturin、surfactin和bacillomycin D合成酶基因,HY-4含有iturin、surfactin合成酶基因,HN-9含有iturin合成酶基因。TOF-MS检测到HY-5和HY-4的发酵液含surfactin、iturin和bacillomycin 3种脂肽,HN-9的发酵液只含iturin。【结论】基于PCR与TOF-MS为核心的级联技术,建立一种海洋源脂肽产生菌快速筛选以及脂肽谱快速鉴定的方法,解决海洋源芽孢杆菌在常规培养基难合成脂肽造成的漏筛情况。     

利用RAPD和ISSR引物对三系杂交水稻及其父母本的鉴定

为了鉴定杂交种子与父母本的亲缘关系,用20条随机引物和21条ISSR引物在供试的一组三系杂交水稻F1、父母本及对照进行扩增。20条RAPD引物共扩增出78个条带,其中28条为多态性条带;21条ISSR引物共扩增出72个条带,其中多态性条带为20条。将这些多态性条带进行聚类分析,F1与父、母亲缘关系较近归为一类,随后它们才与对照归为一类。结果表明RAPD和ISSR引物的PCR扩增均能有效地鉴定三系杂交水稻的杂种F1与组合中父、母本的遗传关系。与RAPD相比ISSR引物在三系杂交水稻及其父母本的鉴定中具有稳定性更好的优点。     

军曹鱼群体遗传结构的AFLP分析

筛选出10对扩增片段长度多态分析技术(Amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)的选择性扩增引物(E-aga/M-cgt、E-aga/M-cga、E-agc/M-cga、E-agg/M-cga、E-act/M-cgc、E-aag/M-cgc、E-aca/M-cga、E-aac/M-cgc、E-aac/M-cac和E-aac/M-cat),分析了4个军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)全人工繁育群体海南1(HN1)、海南2(HN2)、湛江(ZJ)和流沙湾(LS)的遗传结构。结果表明:总体多态位点比例(83.9%)、分化指数(0.427 8)和Shannon信息指数(0.614 9)均处于较高水平,遗传多样性丰富;主坐标分析和邻位连接树中LS-HN2支与ZJ-HN1支明显分离,各群体内多样性水平存在差异(遗传多样性大小依次为HN1、HN2、LS、ZJ),但总体基因流仍然较大(Nm=10.327),分子方差分析(AMOVA)获得的群内方差(53%)也略大于群间(47%)。     

香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)养殖群体遗传多样性的AFLP分析及性别特异性分子标记筛选

采用扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)技术分析了香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)养殖群体的遗传多样性,并筛选性别特异性分子标记。结果表明,15对选扩引物组合共扩增到889个位点,其中多态性位点380个,多态率为42.74%;群体Nei氏遗传多样性指数为0.1454,Shannon氏指数I为0.2174。香鱼养殖群体的遗传多样性较丰富,处于中等偏上水平。仅引物组合E-ATG/M-CTG扩增到1条雄性特异性条带,长度为139bp。以该雄性特异性AFLP条带的DNA序列为模板,设计1对特异的PCR引物并在10尾已知性别的香鱼(雌雄各5尾)中扩增检验,结果显示5尾雄鱼均可扩增到目的条带而5尾雌鱼均无扩增。表明该序列是雄性特异性分子标记,可用于鉴别香鱼的遗传性别,并为香鱼的性别决定机制和性别控制研究奠定基础。     

应用LAMP-LFD技术可视化检测河流弧菌(Vibrio fluvialis)的研究

以河流弧菌(Vibrio fluvialis)为检测对象,将环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)与横向流动试纸条(lateral flow dipstick,LFD)联合应用,建立了快速便捷的LAMP-LFD方法。该方法以河流弧菌的外膜蛋白omp U基因作为检测靶标,在其保守区域设计6条特异性引物(上游内引物由生物素标记),并在两条外引物的有效扩增区段内设计1条特异性探针,由异硫氰酸荧光素(fluorescein isothiocyanate,FITC)标记。使用引物进行有生物素标记的LAMP反应,产物与FITC标记的探针完成杂交,杂交产物在LFD上进行结果展示。结果表明,LAMP-LFD方法可特异性地检出河流弧菌,对近似物种如创伤弧菌等弧菌病原以及迟缓爱德华菌等其他水产养殖病原的检测均呈阴性。经优化,LAMP的反应条件为63°C反应25min,加上5min的探针杂交和3—5min的LFD显色,整个检测时程约35min。利用该方法最低可检测到1.0×10~2 CFU/m L的河流弧菌纯培养物,能够从污染强度为5.0×10~2 CFU/m L的组织样品中检测到该病原。该方法设备依赖性更低,仅需简单的恒温加热设备即可完成。因此,本研究建立的河流弧菌LAMP-LFD方法,具有操作便捷,设备依赖性低、灵敏度高和检测快速等优点,在河流弧菌的基层检测中具有良好的应用前景。