小微湿地修复技术要素探讨

根据小微湿地的发展现状,提出了小微湿地的修复原则,从水、动物、植物、防控、景观和管理要素6个方面提出了修复过程中应注重的问题,并提供了技术参考,以期为我国小微湿地的保护与修复提供参考。     

Rangeland privatization and its impacts on the Zoige wetlands on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

The high Zoige Basin （Ruoergai Plateau） on the eastern Tibetan Plateau is a fault depression formed during intensive uplifting of the Tibetan Plateau. The wetland is globally important in biodiversity and is composed of marshes, bogs, fens, wet meadows and shallow water interspersed with low hills and sub-alpine meadows. Most of the Zoige wetlands have long been one of the most important grazing lands in China. Recent rangeland policy has allowed grazing, and usable wetland areas have been being legally allocated to individuals or groups of households on a long-term lease basis. Privatizafion of the wetland has impacted the Zoige wetlands in aspects of hydrologic condition, landscape and biodiversity. The uneven spatial distribution of water resources onprivatelands has led to the practice of extracting ground water, which has decreased the perched water table in Zoige. Fencing off the rangelands and grazing on expanding sand dunes have affected landscapes. Variation in the water table has led to the changes in vegetation diversity, resulting in the changes in wildlife and aquatic diversities and ecosystem processes. Making use all year round of the pasture that was previously grazed only in summer has shrunk the daily activity space of wildlife, and the newly erected fences blocked the movement of wild animals looking for food in the snow to lower and open areas. To maintain the favorable conditions of the Zoige wetland ecosystem, the author suggests that, in addition to biophysical research and implementation of conservation practices, there is an immediate need to initiate an integrated management program, increase public awareness of wetland functions and provide better training for the local conservation staff.     

盈江国家湿地公园生态需水量研究

根据盈江国家湿地公园的生态系统特性,利用大盈江坝区的实测地形图、拉贺练水文站的实测水文资料,通过建立湿地生态需水量模型,计算了盈江国家湿地公园生态需水量,枯期最小生态需水量20.9 m~3/s;汛期最小生态需水量47.2 m~3/s,大盈江上游来水大于生态最小需水量,盈江国家湿地公园的生态需水量是有保障的。     

湿地生态系统影响气候变化的活性气体交换通量的研究进展

湿地生态系统是影响气候变化的活性气体的重要“源”或“汇”,随着人类活动的增加和气候变化的加剧,湿地生态系统活性气体对全球气候变化的影响越来越受到关注。已开展的研究主要集中于二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)、氧化亚氮(N2O)和二甲基硫(DMS)等活性气体。本文综述了湿地生态系统CO2、CH4、N2O和DMS的交换通量、时空变化特征以及影响因素。然而,目前对湿地生态系统活性气体的研究还不够系统和深入,对不同类型湿地的活性气体的源汇格局,碳氮硫的耦合作用机制、人类活动和环境压迫的影响等开展系统地研究,才能定量评价其对全球气候变化的贡献,并阐明变化趋势。     

Sentinel-2和AW3D30相结合的湿地提取

为了实现大范围湿地动态监测,本文以辽河入海口附近的盘锦湿地为研究区,基于Sentinel2-L1C和AW3D30 DSM数据,在随机森林分类的基础上,结合地形数字特征和多边形形状特征对研究区进行湿地信息提取。通过人工目视解译对该分类方法进行精度验证,结果表明：该方法的自动化程度较高,能够在较少的人工干预下提取湿地覆盖范围。提取结果精度较高,制图精度和总体精度分别为91.04%和82.65%,Kappa系数为0.599 7,说明本文所采用的计算机分类方法与人工目视解译方法具有较好的一致性。     

走出广西 开拓国土资源管理新思路——广西国土资源厅厅长肖建刚率队赴上海、浙江国土部门考察

为确保广西国土资源厅党组2009年提出的保耕地、保增长、保民生、保稳定"四保任务"的完成,开辟广西国土资源管理新局面,2009年3月1日至5日,广西国土资源厅厅长、党组书记,广西海洋局局长肖建刚率考察团赴上海、浙江等国土资源管理、耕地开发和保护高度发达的地区进行专项调查研究和考察学习.     

Transpiration rates of Carex Meyeriana in relation to micrometerological factors in a mountain valley wetland

In order to reveal transpiration rates of wetland plants and its relationships to micro- meterological factors in a mountain valley wetland, relative humidity, air temperature, leaf temperature, soil temperature, photo flux density and transpiration rates were measured once two hours in a Carex meyeriana wetland of the Changbai Mountain valley in dry （July） and wet （September） of 2003, respectively. Results showed that the tendency of ＂decreasing after increasing＂ was obvious in wet season. However, a relatively stable trend was observed for the transpiration in dry season.. Generally, the photon flux density of Carex meyeriana was higher in wet season than that in dry season. However, the variabilities of leaf temperature, air temperature and relative humidity were similar in both seasons. Higher transpiration rates of Carex meyeriana leaves were observed in July （varied from 40 to 150 mol.m^-2.s^-1） compared to those （varied from 7 to 14 mol.m^-2.s^-1） in September. Transpiration rates were significantly correlated with air temperature （P〈0.01）, leaf temperature （P〈0.01）, and wind speed （P〈0.05）, but correlationship between relative humidity and photo flux density was not significant （P〈0.05）.