低纬度淡水湖沉积物中正构烷烃氢同位素组成特征及其有机质源和环境指示意义

为认识低纬度亚热带地区湖泊沉积物中正构烷烃氢同位素组成特征及其与母源输入和生态环境的关系,本文利用气相色谱-高温热转变-同位素比值质谱议(GC-TC-IRMS),对系统采集的抚仙湖沉积物样品中正构烷烃氢同位素进行了测定。抚仙湖沉积正构烷烃δD值分布在-219.3‰~-142.5‰之间,样品中平均值为-208.1‰~-154.5‰,并且奇碳数正构烷烃δD值明显地将样品划分为两种类型。类型Ⅰ样品中正构烷烃平均δD值明显地高于类型Ⅱ样品,反映了它们生物源存在明显差别。沉积物与水生植物和陆生植物中正构烷烃氢同位素组成对比结果指示了沉积C_(17)、C_(21)~C_(25)奇碳数正构烷烃来自水生植物,C_(27)和C_(29)奇碳数正构烷烃主要来自木本植物,C31和C33正构烷烃来自水生和陆生草本植物的混合。对比研究结果表明,湖泊地区生态环境是控制湖泊沉积正构烷烃氢同位素组成的重要因素之一,在利用沉积正构烷烃氢同位素研究古水文学特征时,还要考虑研究区古生态环境对沉积正构烷烃氢同位素的影响,并且结合沉积正构烷烃ACL值和Qw值,才能对沉积有机质中正构烷烃氢同位素组成及变化作出合理的解释。     

Research on the Seismotectonic Setting in Beibu Gulf Waters

In this paper we discuss the seismogenic structures of the two earthquakes occurring in the Beibu Gulf waters,based on the investigation of geological structure,faults,geophysical fields,seismicity and earthquake focal mechanism.The results show that the NEE trending faults along the boundary of the Wushi depression are the dominating seismogenic structures,and the NW trending faults are the key factors of stress concentration.The results also show that high seismicity has a significant relationship with the late Cenozoic deposition center in the Beibu Gulf,and their NE-NEE trending boundary faults are important to the identification of seismogenic structures.The special arcuate fault segment or the intersection point of the NW trending faults and NE-NEE trending boundary faults is a possible location of future earthquakes.     

The key indicators of transboundary water apportionment based on international laws and cases

Transboundary water, more competitive utilization and uncertain availability under the globalization trend, the issue of its apportionment which directly impacts national benefits of each riparian state is becoming one of the important topics in the world. Water is scarce in China, the most important upstream state in Asia, and this task has to be thought over in the coming future. Based on ＂International Freshwater Treaties Database＂ （1820-2007） by Oregon State University, and publications and reports on transboundary water utilization and management since 1999, 28 indicators of water apportionment adopted in 49 international treaties and cases in 1864-2002 are divided into 6 types, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the adopted indicators are analyzed in order to find the key indicator（s） of transboundary water apportionment. The major results include： the major adopted indicators, have significant differences among 5 regions/continents, the indicators at rank first and second place in the developed region （North America and Europe） according to the adopted times are ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂, but in the developing region （Asia, Africa and South America）, the ranking order of the above two indicators is reversed; the major adopted indicators in the watersheds with insufficient water are ＂mean annual runoff＂ and ＂keeping minimum water flow＂, the ones in the watersheds with sufficient water are ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂maximum water intake＂; the international treaties signed from the first phase to the fourth phase, the developing process shows a progress of ＂fewer-increasing a lot-decreasing rapidly-equation basically＂, the regional distribution of the treaties shifts mainly from the developed region to the developing one, especially to Asia and Africa; the major adopted indicators shifts from ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1864-1945, to ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂maximum water intake＂ in 1946-1971, then to ＂hydraulic facility operation＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1972-1991, and finally to ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1992-2002, the process shows similar a loop. Finally, the key indicator on transboundary water apportionment can be determined as ＂keeping minimum water flow＂.     

国土资源部航遥中心完成西沙群岛九个岛礁遥感调查

近日,国土资源部航空物探遥感中心“三沙市岛礁遥感调查与监测”项目组完成了三沙市西沙宣德群岛海域9个岛礁的遥感调查工作. 西沙群岛属于尚未进行商业开发的特殊地区.该项目组工作的9个岛屿中,有5个为无人荒岛.岛上没有可以饮用的淡水资源,洗漱用水也是经过简单处理的储备雨水.小岛间交通只能用排水量很小的渔船,交通不便、补给困难.6月份,西沙海域气候极其炎热,空气湿度极大,野外地质工作条件异常艰苦.     

浅谈宜君淡水渔业高效规模化建设发展对策

分析宜君渔业的基本情况,分析得出县城淡水渔业经济总量增长不快、特色产业不明显、产业化程度低、龙头产业不强等方面存在的问题,针对存在问题提出了淡水渔业发展的对策,加快淡水渔业高效规模化建设步伐。     

国际跨边界水域环境资源合作管理经验及对我国的启示

我国海岸线漫长,隔海相邻的国家多达十几个,跨边界海域成为我国海洋资源管理的重要部分。文章通过对美、加五大湖区域双边合作管理经验和黑海地区六国多边合作管理经验的分析与研讨,指出了其对我国跨边界海域海洋环境资源管理的启示,并提出了对我国跨边界海域海洋合作管理的建议。     

中国各季节气候对热盐环流减弱的不同响应

使用CCSM3（community climate system model version 3）模式的＂淡水扰动试验＂结果,对热盐环流强度减弱后中国区域冬、夏气候的不同响应特征进行了研究。结果表明：CCSM3可较为准确地再现中国附近区域表面气温及降水量的量值和分布形态。当热盐环流年平均强度减弱约80%之后,中国区域冬、夏季的表面气温与降水量显著降低,但冬、夏季的降低幅度与空间分布形态存在显著的差异。冬季的降温幅度较大且分布较为一致,平均降温幅度可达2.2℃,最大的降温幅度可达4℃;夏季的降温幅度相对较小且南北差异较大,平均降温幅度为1.3℃,最大的降温幅度为3℃。冬、夏季降水量的降低幅度都在6%左右,但其成因及其分布形态都存在显著差异。     

陆地水体参数的卫星遥感反演研究进展

以江河、湖泊与湿地等形式存在的陆地水体对气候变化和人类生产生活有着重要影响,准确掌握陆地水体参数的变化对全面理解地球水循环及有效管理水资源等具有重大意义,卫星遥感技术的迅速发展为陆地水体的动态监测带来广阔前景.围绕陆地水体的重要物理参数,回顾了基于卫星遥感来提取水域面积的光学遥感法、雷达遥感法和水域面积-水位关系法,获...     

干渴世界的救星——海水淡化

每水淡化仍然是个世界性难题! 2000年至2009年,全球海水淡化业务的市场规模总额为约300亿欧元,预计2010年至2016年,全球海水淡化市场将约为290亿欧元.     

海藻有望成为未来生物燃料

研究人员日前表示,海藻能够避免与农作物争夺耕地和淡水资源,有望成为未来理想的生物燃料。到目前为止,海藻生物燃料尚不具备经济性,但随着石油价格的不断上涨,以及海藻可以提取出高附加值产品,这种情况可能会有所改变。