海洋经济投入产出模型研究

投入产出分析是国民经济核算的重要组成部分,它不仅能综合描述国民经济发展的概貌,而且还能反映国民经济内部各组成部分之间的复杂关系。文章结合海洋经济投入产出表的编制和海洋投入产出模型的建立,研究探讨投入产出分析方法在海洋经济领域中的应用。     

分子生物学技术在水产养殖动物病原快速检测中的应用

在动植物病原体的检测中,方法学历经了生物培养、显微镜观察、生化检测、免疫学到分子生物学几个阶段的变更,朝着更特异、更快速、更便捷、更安全、集成化、微量化、定量化、费用低廉化的方向发展。传统病原检测主要依据致病病原体在介质或细胞中的培养、分析病原体表型或血清型特征,或采用组织学检测病原体对宿主器官的影响[1]。这类方法耗时、特异性和灵敏度低,远远不能满足日常快速检测工作的需要。免疫学方法可以在一定程度上缩短检验时间,就灵敏度而言,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)要高于免疫荧光、反向免疫凝胶电泳和免疫扩散,是最常用的免疫学检测病原体方法[2]。     

海洋蓝藻束毛藻的研究进展

远洋性海洋蓝藻束毛藻(Trichodesmium spp.)广泛分布于热带和亚热带贫营养盐海域的表层水面,是所生存环境中初级生产力的主要贡献者,它能在进行光合作用的同时将空气中游离的氮气转化成可利用的化合态氮,从而减弱了氮营养对初级生产力的限制。     

深水钻井安全的地质风险评价技术研究

大陆坡和深海盆地海底是不稳定的,如海底滑坡、滑塌、浊流、地震、断裂活动、浅层高压气囊等,对海洋油气勘探与开发所造成的灾害屡见不鲜.对于深海工程而言,开展潜在地质灾害因素及其危害性调查、科学地评价海洋开发的地质环境极为重要,它将直接为海洋开发部署与海底工程设施规划提供科学依据,关系到钻井、采油平台和海底管线等重大设施的安全问题,必须引起高度的重视[1,2].     

海洋微藻间竞争研究进展

微藻是海洋生态系统中最主要的初级生产者,也是引发赤潮的主要生物[1-2].微藻之间的竞争作用是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,对竞争机理的探讨,可进一步解释群落结构演替和赤潮发生原因,为赤潮治理提供新的思路,对海洋生态系统的修复和保护具有重要意义,竞争机理在微藻开发利用上的应用,将取得重大的经济效益和社会效益[3].     

海洋蓝藻基因组学研究

1994年,日本Kazusa实验室首先启动了淡水蓝藻Synechocystissp.PCC6803的基因组计划,并于1996年完成基因组测序的工作。Synechocystissp.PCC6803基因组大小为3.57 Mb,共有3 168个基因,是目前研究最多也最为透彻的蓝藻基因组。除此之外,美国能源部下属的联合基因组研究所(JointGe     

甲壳动物免疫机能的衡量指标及科学评价

研究甲壳动物免疫系统和免疫机理的重要目的之一是为开展甲壳动物免疫防病提供理论基础。甲壳动物免疫防病的研究,是当前水产养殖中比较活跃的一个领域。而选择一个合适的指标进行科学正确的评价甲壳动物免疫状况,则是有效开展免疫防病治病的前提。作者就目前用于衡量甲壳动物免疫机能的各种指标及其检测和科学应用做一综述。     

Effects of winds,tides and storm surges on ocean surface waves in the Sea of Japan

Ocean surface waves are strongly forced by high wind conditions associated with winter storms in the Sea of Japan. They are also modulated by tides and storm surges. The effects of the variability in surface wind forcing, tides and storm surges on the waves are investigated using a wave model, a high-resolution atmospheric mesoscale model and a hydrodynamic ocean circulation model. Five month-long wave model simulations are inducted to examine the sensitivity of ocean waves to various wind forcing fields, tides and storm surges during January 1997. Compared with observed mean wave parameters, results indicate that the high frequency variability in the surface wind filed has very great effect on wave simulation. Tides and storm surges have a significant impact on the waves in nearshores of the Tsushima-kaihyō, but not for other regions in the Sea of Japan. High spatial and temporal resolution and good quality surface wind products will be crucial for the prediction of surface waves in the JES and other marginal seas, especially near the coastal regions.     

A method of determining dominant wave direction from multiparameter hydrological gauge measurements and its application

Multi-parameter hydrological gauge is an instrument developed by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences to make simultaneous observation of current, wave, tide, water temperature and conductivity.By using the well-known "PUV method", the directional wave spectrum can be calculated and the dominant wave direction is then obtained.The comparison of the dominant wave directions derived from the measurements using both the multi-parameter hydrological gauge and the MARK Ⅱ "Wave-Rider" directional buoy shows that the dominant wave directions derived from the two kinds of measurements are in good agreement.     

Preliminary study on different nutrient pools supplies for the phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay in China in the fall of 2004

The source and significance of two nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorous, were investigated by a modified dilution method performed on seawater samples from the Jiaozhou Bay, in autumn 2004. This modified dilution method accounted for the phytoplankton growth rate, microzooplankton grazing mortality rate, the internal and external nutrient pools, as well as nutrient supplied through remineralization by microzooplankton. The results indicated that the phytoplankton net growth rate increased in turn from inside the bay, to outside the bay, to in the Xiaogang Harbor. The phytoplankton maximum growth rates and microzooplankton grazing mortality rates were 1.14 and 0.92 d-1 outside the bay, 0.42 and 0.32 d-1 inside the bay and 0.98 and 0.62 d-1 in the harbor respectively. Outside the bay, the remineralized nitrogen (Kr=24.49) had heavy influence on the growth of the phytoplankton. Inside the bay, the remineralized phosphorus(Kr=3.49) strongly affected the phytoplankton growth. In the harbor, the remineralized phosphorus (Kr=3.73) was in larger demand by phytoplankton growth. The results demonstrated that the different nutrients pools supplied for phytoplankton growth were greatly in accordance with the phytoplankton community structure, microzooplankton grazing mortality rates and environmental conditions. It is revealed that nutrient remineralization is much more important for the phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay than previously believed.