采用国产钻机和有线导向仪穿越黄浦江施工技术

上海黄浦江的定向穿越一直是国产设备、仪器的禁区，笔者凭借多年定向施工的经验和对设备的了解攻克了这一风险极大的难题。详细介绍了采用国产钻机和有线导向仪穿越黄浦江铺设6根φ110 mm、长500 m PE管的施工技术。     

维斯康特：开地图学之新风

欧洲三面环海，海洋在欧洲历史进程中起着重要的作用。特别是南部的地中海，甚至可以视为是欧洲文明的乳娘。从公元前2000年开始，直到公元1500年，欧洲文明的中心一直在地中海沿岸地区，地中海成了欧洲人的历史舞台。由于长期在地中海上活动，欧洲人对地中海的认识也在不断地深入。在中世纪，欧洲人的海洋知识集中而形象地反映在他们所绘制的航海图上。     

激光铅直仪在工程施工中的应用体会

介绍激光铅直仪在施工中的应用体会.     

基于数据融合的侧扫声纳图像预处理

论述了基于数据融合的侧扫声纳图像处理的特殊过程。根据现代侧扫声纳系统的特点，提出了利用声线跟踪法进行斜距改正，同时对目标阴影区进行了处理；对文献[1]的灰度不均衡的改正算法进行了改进。利用小波变换检测出灰度突变区，根据剔除突变区后计算的灰度改正系数进行航向上的灰度改正，并用模拟数据和实际数据进行了验证；鉴于波束展宽效应对远场目标造成的拖尾效应，论述了对拖尾效应使用的去卷积的改正算法。     

Possible Impacts of the Arctic Oscillation on the Interdecadal Variation of Summer Monsoon Rainfall in East Asia

The influences of the wintertime AO (Arctic Oscillation) on the interdecadal variation of summer monsoon rainfall in East Asia were examined. An interdecadal abrupt change was found by the end of the 1970s in the variation of the AO index and the leading principal component time series of the summer rainfall in East Asia, The rainfall anomaly changed from below normal to above normal in central China, the southern part of northeastern China and the Korean peninsula around 1978. However,the opposite interdecadal variation was found in the rainfall anomaly in North China and South China.The interdecadal variation of summer rainfall is associated with the weakening of the East Asia summer monsoon circulation. It is indicated that the interdecadal variation of the AO exerts an influence on the weakening of the monsoon circulation. The recent trend in the AO toward its high-index polarity during the past two decades plays important roles in the land-sea contrast anomalies and wintertime precipitation anomaly. The mid- and high-latitude regions of the Asian continent are warming, while the low-latitude regions are cooling in winter and spring along with the AO entering its high-index polarity after the late 1970s. In the meantime, the precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and South China is excessive, implying an increase of soil moisture. The cooling tendency of the land in the southern part of Asia will persist until summer because of the memory of soil moisture. So the warming of the Asian continent is relatively slow in summer. Moreover, the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean which are located southward and eastward of the Asian land, are warming from winter to summer. This suggests that the contrast between the land and sea is decreased in summer. The interdecadal decrease of the land-sea heat contrast finally leads to the weakening of the East Asia summer monsoon circulation.     

选修模块“海洋地理”的理解与实施

随着世界经济的发展和科技的进步，人类对资源的需求与日俱增，从而海洋——海洋资源的开发利用、海洋环境的保护和管理，以及海洋教育——已受到各国的普遍重视。选修模块“海洋地理”的设置，正是基于人类对海洋关注的日益加强，其目的是要使学生了解有关海洋的基础知识，认识海洋对人类生存与发展的意义，增强海洋意识。     

Sedimentation rates in the Wanggang salt marshes, Jiangsu

1 IntroductionLand-ocean interaction in coastalzone is one of the key m atters of the International G eosphereand Biosphere Program (IG BP). The key problem s of the second phase in the next decadeinclude the m aterial cycle, the system evolution process …     

对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯合成的研究

以浓硫酸为催化剂，研究了对羟基苯甲酸和异丙醇合成对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯的工艺条件。对影响产率的因素进行了探讨：实验表明，在以7％的浓硫酸为催化剂，反应温度为120℃，醇酸摩尔比为4：1，反应时间为5h的最佳条件下，合成了羟基苯甲酸异丙脂，通过多次重结晶的方法纯化产品，产率可达85．5％，并通过熔点仪、红外光谱等手段对产品加以表征，验证了产品具有较高的纯度。该法简单、快速、产率高、纯度好，具有较高的实用价值。     

Unique Marine Olenekian-Anisian Boundary Section from South Primorye, Russian Far East

INTRODUCTION LateOlenekianandAnisianmarinedepositsin SouthPrimoryewerefirststudiedbyD.L.Ivanov,thechiefofageologicalteammakingreconnaissance workfortheconstructionofthetrans Siberianrail road.HecollectedEarlyandMiddleTriassicam monoidsonRussianIsland.Arep…     

"可燃冰"--人类未来理想的替代能源

俗称“可燃冰”的天然气水合物，是最近20年来在海洋和冻土地带发现的新型洁净能源，是天然气和水在一定温度、压力条件下所形成的貌似冰状、可以燃烧的固体。据测定，1m^3“可燃冰”可释放200m^3的甲烷气体，其能量密度是煤的10倍，是常规天然气的2倍-5倍。据估算，世界上“可燃冰”所含有机炭的总资源量相当于全球已知煤、石油和天然气的2倍。可以肯定，“可燃冰”将是未来人类理想的替代能源。