全文获取类型
收费全文 | 676篇 |
免费 | 234篇 |
国内免费 | 322篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 81篇 |
大气科学 | 214篇 |
地球物理 | 20篇 |
地质学 | 127篇 |
海洋学 | 568篇 |
综合类 | 53篇 |
自然地理 | 169篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 45篇 |
2022年 | 45篇 |
2021年 | 60篇 |
2020年 | 41篇 |
2019年 | 53篇 |
2018年 | 43篇 |
2017年 | 46篇 |
2016年 | 46篇 |
2015年 | 53篇 |
2014年 | 64篇 |
2013年 | 61篇 |
2012年 | 40篇 |
2011年 | 50篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 40篇 |
2007年 | 34篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 48篇 |
2004年 | 35篇 |
2003年 | 48篇 |
2002年 | 21篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 32篇 |
1998年 | 40篇 |
1997年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 21篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1232条查询结果,搜索用时 640 毫秒
121.
HY-2是中国自主研发的海洋卫星。 本文研究了利用HY-2卫星扫描微波辐射计亮温数据反演北极海冰密集度的方法。参考NASA TEAM方法,我们对典型海区光谱梯度率和极化梯度率进行了统计分析,确定了计算海冰密集度所需的亮温特征值;利用天气滤波器有效去除了开阔海域由于大气中水蒸气、云中液态水、降雨等现象引起的海冰密集度计算错误。本文计算了2012年全年的北极海冰密集度产品并对产品精度进行了初步验证,验证结果表明:三个海冰类型已知区域的海冰密集度结果与理想值比较接近,多年冰密集度的反演精度需要进一步提高;本文结果与美国冰雪数据中心和德国不来梅大学提供的两种业务化海冰密集度产品一致。本研究为利用HY-2卫星监测极区海冰密集度变化,发布实时产品奠定了基础。 相似文献
122.
诚邀投稿Advances in Polar Science中国极地考察30周年特别专刊——“北极海冰快速变化及其对中高纬地区天气与气候的可能影响”专刊与“南极半岛地区生态系统现状”专刊
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《极地研究》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
《极地研究》2014,(1)
<正>各位极地同仁:为纪念中国开展极地考察30周年、中国南极长城站建站30周年,Advances in Polar Science(APS)特别策划出版2期国际专刊——"北极海冰快速变化及其对中高纬地区天气与气候的可能影响"与"南极半岛地区生态系统现状"。真诚地邀请您投稿或帮助推荐稿件,期待您积极参与和大力支持。APS是集中反映南北极多学科考察研究成果的综合性英文学术刊物。它是极地科学工作者发表最新研究成果的园地,也是进行国际国内极地考察研究学术交流的窗口。本刊创刊于1990年,季刊,每年3月份、6月份、9月份、12月份出版,国内外公开发行;设有Reviews,Articles,Letters,Trends等栏目。本刊由中国极地研究中心和国家海洋局极地考察办公室共同主办,国家海洋局主管,科学出版社出版, 相似文献
123.
124.
The thermodynamic properties of snow cover on sea ice play a key role in the ice-ocean-atmosphere system and have been a focus of recent scientific research. In this study, we investigated the thermodynamic properties of snow cover on sea ice in the Nella Fjord, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica(69°20′S, 76°07′E), near the Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan Station. Our observations were carried out during the 29th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. We found that the vertical temperature profile of snow cover changed considerably in response to changes in air temperature and solar radiation during the summer. Associated with the changes in the temperature profile were fluctuations in the temperature gradient within the upper 10 cm of the snow cover. Results of previous research have shown that the thermal conductivity of snow is strongly correlated with snow density. To calculate the thermal conductivity in this study, we measured densities in three snow pits. The calculated thermal conductivity ranged from 0.258–0.569 W?m-1?K-1. We present these datasets to show how involved parameters changed, and to contribute to a better understanding of melting processes in the snow cover on sea ice. 相似文献
125.
Considering the discontinuous characteristics of sea ice on various scales,a modified discrete element model(DEM) for sea ice dynamics is developed based on the granular material rheology.In this modified DEM,a soft sea ice particle element is introduced as a self-adjustive particle size function.Each ice particle can be treated as an assembly of ice floes,with its concentration and thickness changing to variable sizes under the conservation of mass.In this model,the contact forces among ice particles are calculated using a viscous-elastic-plastic model,while the maximum shear forces are described with the Mohr-Coulomb friction law.With this modified DEM,the ice flow dynamics is simulated under the drags of wind and current in a channel of various widths.The thicknesses,concentrations and velocities of ice particles are obtained,and then reasonable dynamic process is analyzed.The sea ice dynamic process is also simulated in a vortex wind field.Taking the influence of thermodynamics into account,this modified DEM will be improved in the future work. 相似文献
126.
基于卫星高度计的北极海冰厚度变化研究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
A modified algorithm taking into account the first year(FY) and multiyear(MY) ice densities is used to derive a sea ice thickness from freeboard measurements acquired by satellite altimetry ICESat(2003–2008). Estimates agree with various independent in situ measurements within 0.21 m. Both the fall and winter campaigns see a dramatic extent retreat of thicker MY ice that survives at least one summer melting season. There were strong seasonal and interannual variabilities with regard to the mean thickness. Seasonal increases of 0.53 m for FY the ice and 0.29 m for the MY ice between the autumn and the winter ICESat campaigns, roughly 4–5 month separation, were found. Interannually, the significant MY ice thickness declines over the consecutive four ICESat winter campaigns(2005–2008) leads to a pronounced thickness drop of 0.8 m in MY sea ice zones. No clear trend was identified from the averaged thickness of thinner, FY ice that emerges in autumn and winter and melts in summer. Uncertainty estimates for our calculated thickness, caused by the standard deviations of multiple input parameters including freeboard, ice density, snow density, snow depth, show large errors more than 0.5 m in thicker MY ice zones and relatively small standard deviations under 0.5 m elsewhere. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is implemented to determine the separate impact on the thickness estimate in the dependence of an individual input variable as mentioned above. The results show systematic bias of the estimated ice thickness appears to be mainly caused by the variations of freeboard as well as the ice density whereas the snow density and depth brings about relatively insignificant errors. 相似文献
127.
传统的海冰检测手段都存在着受天气影响或实时检测成本太高的缺点,为了更实时有效的检测海冰,减轻海冰灾害对于我国的影响,并达到防灾减灾的目的,本文研究了GPS反射信号(GPS-R)技术检测海冰的可能性。通过对2013年2月下旬在中国天津渤海湾的岸基架设GPS信号接收机所接收的观测数据进行分析,使用不同特性的反射海域(几乎全为海水或是海冰)的数据进行比对分析,其结果显示极化比值(反射左旋信号与直射右旋信号的比值)能够明显反演海冰密集度。本文首次将GPS-R技术应用于国内自主设计的渤海海冰检测实验中。 相似文献
128.
海冰对北极海冰边缘区大洋光学观测的影响评估 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Diffuse attenuation coefficient(DAC) of sea water is an important parameter in ocean thermodynamics and biology, reflecting the absorption capability of sea water in different layers. In the Arctic Ocean, however, sea ice affects the radiance/irradiance measurements of upper ocean, which results in obvious errors in the DAC calculation. To better understand the impacts of sea ice on the ocean optics observations, a series of in situ experiments were carried out in the summer of 2009 in the southern Beaufort Sea. Observational results show that the profiles of spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients of seawater near ice cover within upper surface of 50 m were not contaminated by the sea ice with a solar zenith angle of 55°, relative azimuth angle of 110°≤φ≤115° and horizontal distance between the sensors and ice edge of greater than 25 m. Based on geometric optics theory, the impact of ice cover could be avoided by adjusting the relative solar azimuth angle in a particular distance between the instrument and ice. Under an overcast sky, ice cover being 25 m away from sensors did not affect the profiles of spectral DACs within the upper 50 m either. Moreover, reliable spectral DACs of seawater could be obtained with sensors completely covered by sea ice. 相似文献
129.