强化生态浮床原位修复技术对污染河流浮游动物群落结构的影响

对强化生态浮床原位修复技术修复南方重污染感潮河流过程中浮游动物的种群动态变化进行研究,探讨浮游动物群落结构变化特征与河流水质改善状况的相互关系.结果显示,经强化生态浮床处理后,重污染感潮河流水质得到改善,浮游动物的种类由修复工程实施前的5种增加到49种,且由单一耐污种转变为多种种类共存;示范区各月浮游动物个体丰度较对照...     

Simulation of the radiative effect of black carbon aerosols and the regional climate responses over China

As part of the development work of the Chinese new regional climate model (RIEMS), the radiative process of black carbon (BC) aerosols has been introduced into the original radiative procedures of RIEMS,and the transport model of BC aerosols has also been established and combined with the RIEMS model.Using the new model system, the distribution of black carbon aerosols and their radiative effect over the China region are investigated. The influences of BC aerosole on the atmospheric radiative transfer and on the air temperature, land surface temperature, and total rainfall are analyzed. It is found that BC aerosols induce a positive radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), which is dominated by shortwave radiative forcing. The maximum radiative forcing occurs in North China in July and in South China in April. At the same time, negative radiative forcing is observed on the surface. Based on the radiative forcing comparison between clear sky and cloudy sky, it is found that cloud can enforce the TOA positive radiative forcing and decrease the negative surface radiative forcing. The responses of the climate system in July to the radiative forcing due to BC aerosols are the decrease in the air temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River and Huaihe area and most areas of South China, and the weak increase or decrease in air temperature over North China. The total rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River area is increased, but it decreased in North China in July.     

抗拔（浮）桩的发展历程和研究方向

综述了由最初的普通钢筋混凝土抗拔（浮）桩发展到预应力抗拔（浮）桩的历程；总结了对于抗拔桩性能研究的3种方法：现场试验、模型试验和理论分析法。在此基础上为了降低成本，方便施工，环保高效，提出了一种新型的预应力抗拔（浮）桩，即部分粘接预应力抗拔（浮）桩，这将是预应力抗拔（浮）桩一个有意义的发展方向。     

风化岩地基全螺纹玻璃纤维增强聚合物抗浮锚杆承载特征现场试验

玻璃纤维增强聚合物（GFRP）抗浮锚杆是一种由树脂和玻璃纤维复合而成的新型材料,与传统的钢筋锚杆相比,它具有比强度高、耐腐蚀性强和抗电磁干扰能力强的优点。基于6根GFRP抗浮锚杆和4根钢筋抗浮锚杆现场足尺拉拔破坏性试验,研究了中风化花岗岩中GFRP抗浮锚杆的承载特征和界面黏结特性。试验结果表明,抗浮锚杆的破坏形式有2种：锚杆和砂浆界面剪切破坏,砂浆和围岩界面剪切破坏。直径为28 mm 的GFRP抗浮锚杆和钢筋抗浮锚杆的极限抗拔承载力均为225 kN,直径为32 mm GFRP抗浮锚杆极限抗拔承载力为250 kN,能够满足工程实际需要;GFRP抗浮锚杆与砂浆（第一界面）的平均黏结强度为1.50～1.54 MPa;GFRP抗浮锚杆砂浆与围岩（第二界面）的平均黏结强度为0.32～0.37 MPa,略低于钢筋抗浮锚杆第二界面的平均黏结强度;直径为32 mm的GFRP抗浮锚杆第二界面平均黏结强度高于直径为28 mm的GFRP抗浮锚杆。在此基础上,进一步分析论证了GFRP抗浮锚杆的破坏机制,为GFRP抗浮锚杆的工程应用提供了理论依据。     

STUDY ON THE VISIBILITY REDUCTION CAUSED BY ATMOSPHERIC HAZE IN GUANGZHOU AREA

In recent years the pollution of aerosol is getting worse and worse in Guangzhou area. The haze weather mainly occurs from October to April of the following year, resulting in visibility deterioration. From the beginning of the 1980's the visibility dramatically deteriorated, obviously increasing haze weather, in which there are three big fluctuations, respectively showing the periods of pollution of dust, sulphate and dust, fine particle from photochemical process and sulphate and dust accompanying the development of economy. The long-term tendency of visibility caused by fog and light fog does not have the tendency due to human activity or economical development and the variation mainly show the inner interannual and interdecadal variation of climate. The deterioration of visibility has close relation to the fine particles in Guangzhou area, with half of PM10 surpassing the limits set by national second graded standard, meanwhile, all values of PM2.5 rise above the day-mean limits of American national standard, indicating very high fine particle concentration. The ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 is also very high, reaching 62% - 69%, especially higher in dry seasons than in rainy seasons.     

实测数据揭示海底地震仪上浮速率与出水点规律

使用海底地震仪(OBS)对极地浮冰区进行探测时,存在上浮的OBS被浮冰遮挡而难以发现和回收等困难,为提高两极浮冰区海底地震探测效率,亟需对OBS上浮出水时间和位置进行较为准确地预测.本研究以2019年南海OBS观测、2020年西太平洋OBS探测以及2011年南海东部次海盆三维OBS探测现场作业的实测距离和位置信息等数据...     

南水北调工程对北京地区生态环境变化的影响研究

南水北调引水工程实施后,对北京市的供水面积达700km^2。供水范围内的水位将会有不同程度的上升,10年后北京市地下水资源储存量将增加16.8×10^8m^3,缓解北京水资源短缺的现状。同时,不可避免地改变目前的地质环境状态：地面沉降灾害将减缓;地下水总硬度将会降低等;改变建筑物抗浮能力,造成已有地下建筑物的设防水位和防渗水位的变化、地下室可能出现渗漏问题;砂土液化的范围将扩大;供水区域内非正规固体废弃物填埋、堆放场的固体废弃物受到地下水不同程度的浸泡,产生大量的垃圾浸出液,浸出液中污染物进入地下含水层后,势必对附近的地下水造成了不同程度的污染等环境地质问题。     

基于系统动力学的卸加载响应比参数及其在堆积层滑坡稳定性评价中的应用

针对堆积层滑坡的物质组成和力学性质,从系统动力学角度,提出以卸加载响应比作为滑坡稳定性评价参数,并对卸加载响应比参数与加卸载响应比参数进行了比较和分析,指出卸加载响应比参数在边坡的稳定性评价和工程实践中更具有理论意义和实际应用价值。通过论证分析,确定了构成卸加载响应比的卸加载参数和卸加载响应参数,并论证了其合理性与可行性,在此基础上建立了月降雨量-位移加速度卸加载响应比模型。并以新滩典型堆积层滑坡为例,运用该模型进行分析计算,发现卸加载响应比时序曲线所反映的稳定状态与滑坡的实际状况基本吻合,当Y' Y'-且Y'0时,滑坡整体失稳,说明卸加载响应比参数和评价模型用于预测滑坡的变形阶段和作为失稳判据是行之有效的。     

利用简化PIV方法测量水底浮帘后方流场

粒子图像测速（PIV）是一种快速全流场测量方法。为克服PIV设备昂贵和操作复杂等缺点,文中介绍一种新的简化PIV方法。它是根据PIV测速原理,并利用现有的连续抓图软件,CAD和Origin等绘图软件对示踪粒子进行捕捉及图像处理,并将其应用于水底浮帘截留促淤装置的实验中,成功获得了浮帘后方回流区的瞬时流场分布图。