Seasonal patterns of soil respiration in three types of communities along grass-desert shrub transition in Inner Mongolia,China

The seasonal dynamics of soil respiration in steppe (S. bungeana), desert shrub (A. ordosica), and shrub-perennial (A. ordosica + C. komarovii) communities were investigated during the growth season (May to October) in 2006; their environmental driving factors were also analyzed. In the three communities, soil respiration showed similar characteristics in their growth seasons, with peak respiration values in July and August owing to suitable temperature and soil moisture conditions during this period. Meanwhile, changes in soil respiration were greatly influenced by temperatures and surface soil moistures. Soil water content at a depth of 0 to 10 cm was identified as the key environmental factor affecting the variation in soil respiration in the steppe. In contrast, in desert shrub and shrub-perennial communities, the dynamics of soil respiration was significantly influenced by air temperature. Similarly, the various responses of soil respiration to environmental factors may be attributed to the different soil textures and distribution patterns of plant roots. In desert ecosystems, precipitation results in soil respiration pulses. Soil carbon dioxide (CO₂) effluxes greatly increased after rainfall rewetting in all of the ecosystems under study. However, the precipitation pulse effect differed across the ecosystem. We propose that this may be a result of a reverse effect from the soil texture.     

巴丹吉林沙漠南缘冲洪积物的光释光年代及其水文学意义

冲洪积物是古气候和古水文信息的重要记录,为了探讨巴丹吉林沙漠南缘地区全新世气候环境及其对区域地下水的影响,对沙漠南缘的水成沉积物进行了沉积学分析和光释光年代学测试,结果表明本文研究的两个沙漠南缘沉积剖面分别为全新世中期(6.6～5.2 ka)的间歇性河流沉积和暂时性流水形成的洪泛沉积.基于前人全新世中期沙漠中湖泊水位、...     

以中型蒸渗仪监测的库布齐沙漠人工林土壤蒸发量

人工造林对库布齐沙漠的生态有重要影响,量化沙地土壤蒸发对开展人工林建设具有重要意义.利用蒸渗仪对库布齐沙漠银肯沙林场的土壤蒸发进行测定,但受外界因素的影响,蒸渗仪观测的数据会有异常值,通过自适应窗口阈值法对观测数据进行处理.再利用气象观测系统获取相关气象数据,分析土壤蒸发与气象因子的关系.结果 表明:小时尺度上,蒸渗仪...     

春末中国西北沙漠地区沙尘气溶胶物理特性的飞机观测

将APS-3310型激光空气动力学气溶胶粒子谱仪安装在飞机上,于1999年春末对中国西北沙漠地区上空气溶胶进行探测。结果表明:沙漠地区上空沙尘气溶胶粒子数浓度一般为1~10个.cm-3,平均直径为1.6~4.6μm,最大直径为13.0~28.0μm;TSP质量浓度为0.01~0.08mg.m-3,PM2.5和PM10分别占TSP的3.6%~13.8%和50.3%~88.1%。高空沙尘气溶胶数浓度与下垫面状况密切相关,沙漠地表上空的粒子数浓度高于植被覆盖较好的地区;当在沙漠地区上空飞行轨迹为上升、平飞、下降时,沙尘气溶胶粒子谱呈现出由单峰偏态、双峰、正态到单峰偏态等形式的演变。     

绿洲、沙漠及戈壁边界层特征对比分析

利用黑河实验所取得的资料，对比分析了绿洲、沙漠及戈壁边界层中风、温、湿分布规律，从而为研究西北地区不同下垫面所造成的气候特点对生态环境的影响、土地的开发腹及人工改造自然环境等工作提供依据。     

乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所成功进行塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地系留气艇春季试验观测

为了执行国家自然科学基金课题“塔克拉玛干沙漠地气相互作用观测试验研究”,中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所课题组成员继冬季实验后,于2008年4月中下旬,在塔中进行了第二次系留气艇释放试验。本次实验完整地观测了强沙尘暴前后边界层风、温、湿、压、臭氧廓线数据,取得了宝贵的第一手野外试验数据。     

干旱沙漠地区春小麦的水分与氮肥利用效率研究

在沙坡头试验站养分循环池进行的水肥正交试验中, 研究了不同水肥条件对小麦生长和产量形成的影响及其水肥利用效率。试验结果表明, 在设计水肥条件下, 肥料因素对小麦生长和产量形成的影响大于水分因素; 中高水肥条件下, 水肥协调有利于小麦生长和获得高产。灌浆期植株上部有效叶面积的大小和维持时间与经济产量的形成有很显著的正线性相关。该地区小麦水分利用效率较高的适宜土壤水分范围在田间持水量的40%左右, 适宜的肥料(N肥)经济施用量为300kg·hm^-2左右, 目标产量为7.0t·hm^-2。     

沙漠绿洲不同下垫面夏季能量收支对比分析

利用"绿洲系统能量与水分循环过程观测试验"2005年在甘肃金塔不同下垫面的观测资料,对绿洲、戈壁和沙漠不同下垫面夏季辐射和地表能量收支及闭合特征进行了全面的时空对比分析,结果表明:(1)不同下垫面太阳向下短波辐射没有明显差距,地面短波向上辐射差别较大,大气长波向下辐射变化较小,地表长波辐射差异显著.另外,地表吸收辐射戈壁沙漠日变化较绿洲显著.(2)沙漠与戈壁各通量特征相似,而与绿洲上的有很大差异.(3)能量通量测量存在明显的不确定性:影响能量通量不闭合的原因,主要是超声和土壤热通量的测量误差.     

榆林地区土地退化机制和调控

Yulin district is located in the transitional zone between Mu Us Desert and Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi Province,thus it is particularly vulnerable to degradation due to its fragile ecosystem and intense human activites there,The purpose of hias study is to explore the mechanism,process and driving force of land degradation in area with vulnerable eco-environment within the context of increasing population and intensifying human economic activities,and then find out the patterns and countermeasures of how to control them using the economic and technological ways,In detail ,this study includes three main sections:the first section analyzes the mechanism,causes and characteristics of land degradation,which can be achieved by the typical field investigations and systematical analysis within the regional natural,social and econmomic context.Based on the technologies of remote sensing and GIS ,and combined with the modeling methods,the second section reveals the change characteristics of land use and its driving force from 1990 to 2000; AS to the third section ,feasible countermeasures of how to prevent the degradation and rehabilitate the regional ecology are propsed ,which are studed from the perspective of harmony between nature and economy,and the conception of regional sustainable development.     

巴音温都尔沙漠表层土壤粒度特征及风蚀量估算

对巴音温都尔沙漠的表层土壤进行的粒度分析及风蚀量估算结果表明,巴音温都尔沙漠属就地起沙,从丘间低地、沙丘基部到沙丘顶部,平均粒径逐渐变细,分选情况逐渐变好;未沙化土地的平均粒径最细,分选较差.偏度是流动沙丘表层土壤全部为正偏,未沙化土地为负偏.在沙丘不同部位正偏程度也不同,沙丘顶部表现为极正偏,偏度在此出现最大值.未沙化土地、丘间低地及沙丘基部均呈多峰态,而沙丘顶部则呈典型的双峰态.在成沙过程中,每成1 g沙最多要耗土9.56 g,损失掉的土壤以小于0.25 mm的细粒物质居多,表明土地在沙漠化过程中损失的土壤是形成沙尘暴的主要尘源.