Biochemical Mechanism of the Eutrophication and Its Prevention—the Deep Treatment of Waste Water and Its Denitrification and Dephosphorization

Biochemical mechanism of forming the red tide is discussed in this paper.The existence of a large number of nitrates and phosphates in the eutrophic water is the prerequisite of explosive increase of algae and the forming of red tide.Reduction of eutrophication is an important approach to preventing the red tide.The method of deep treatment of the waste water and its denitrification and dephosphorization are introduced,and a new opinion on the red tide formation and fundamental prevention is put forward.     

水中矿物油荧光特性实验研究

为了实现现场测量地表水中矿物油含量的全光纤荧光计的研制，采用荧光光谱测量分析方法，于1999年10月－2000年5月，采集了国内外不同的地区原油和成品油共23种，用14种不同波长的激发光激励，进行荧光光谱特性测量实验研究，同时，对不同浓度的矿物油，水混合液地进行了测量实验，得出其最低检测浓度为0．005mg/L，测量了青岛近岸海域表层受油污染海水的含油量为0．01－0．22mg/L，此外对水中矿物油受激荧光发射原理也作了简述，并对水中矿物油荧光光谱特性，浓度与荧光强度的关系，以及为研制现场测量水中矿物油学的全光纤荧光计的可能性作出了结论性的意见。     

基于非线性测度函数的改进属性识别模型在水质综合评价中的应用

线性测度函数的传统属性识别模型,对水质评价标准随机抽样的评价结果存在较大误差。为增加其对实测样本评价的可信度,提出了基于非线性属性测度函数的改进属性识别模型。均匀随机和正交设计两种抽样的评价试验显示,改进属性识别模型评价结果准确度明显好于传统模型,说明指标的属性测度函数对属性识别模型的综合评价结果有重要影响。太原市地下水水质的综合评价实例说明,由于非线性测度函数比线性测度函数能更好地描述评价指标的实际隶属度,故改进的属性识别模型具有更高的评价可信度,在水质综合评价中具有更广泛的适用性。     

应用电性特征研究银川平原地下水水质空间分布规律

以蕴涵丰富地下水系统水循环信息的电性特征为线索,采用电测深法,在分析研究银川平原450 m深度内地下水系统的空间结构的基础上,对平原地下水水质空间分布规律进行了综合研究,为银川平原地下水资源可持续利用战略的制订提供了依据。     

国内外城市雨水径流水质的研究

综合国内外综合资料,对城市不同建筑材料屋面和不同路面的雨水径流水质特征进行了对比分析,阐明了影响城市雨水径流水质的三大因素,并论述了城市雨水收集利用的现实意义。     

村村通供水工程的水源保护及水质监测

随着乡镇工业和农村经济的发展,每年排放大量的生活污水和工业废水,己经造成许多地区严重的水资源紧张和环境污染;因此,对农村饮用水源进行卫生防护,己成为饮水工程建设的核心问题。通过多年来对已建农村人富饮水和乡镇供水工程的实地调研,提出了在水源勘察选择和工程设计、施工、运行管理中注重水源保护和加强水源水质监测的重要性;评述了根据不同水源的特点及卫生特征采用相应水源保护和水质监测的措施;指出了缺水医必须合理开采地下水,走可持续发展建设路子。     

彩色红外片的“二色性”及其改进

针对彩红片的“二色性”,改进了国产彩红片的加工工艺,获得色彩鲜艳、层次丰富的彩红片,明显提高了航片信息量和解释能力,它对各种专业遥感均有普遍意义。国家遥感中心资料服务部秦友奎、赵继成、郭志杰、李小军等协助有关工作,谨此致谢。     

The effects of carbon dioxide leakage on fractures, and water quality of potable aquifers during geological sequestration of CO2

Since industrial revolution, the ＂greenhouse effect＂ is one of the most important global environmental issues. Of all the greenhouse gases, CO2 is responsible for about 64% of the enhanced ＂greenhouse effect＂, making it the target for mitigation, so reducing anthropogenic discharge of carbon dioxide attracts more and more attention. Geological sequestration of CO2 in deep saline aquifers is one of the most promising options. But because unknown fractures and faults may exist in the caprock layers which can prevent the leakage of CO2, CO2 will leak upward into upper potable aquifers, and lead to adverse impacts on the shallow potable aquifers. In order to assess the potential effect of CO2 leakage from underground storage reservoirs on fractures and water quality of potable aquifers, this study used the non-isothermal reactive geochemical transport code TOUGHREACT developed by Xu et al to establish a simplified 2-D model of CO2 underground sequestration system, which includes deep saline aquifers, caprock layers, and shallow potable aquifers, and study and analyze the changes of mineral and aqueous components. The simulation results indicated that the minerals of deep saline aquifers and fractures should be mainly composed of aluminosilicate and silicate minerals, which not only enhance the mass of CO2 sequestrated by mineral trapping, but also decrease the porosity and permeability of caprock layers and fractures to prevent and reduce CO2 leakage. The results from deep saline aquifers showed that the mass of carbon dioxide trapped by minerals and solution phases is limited, the rest remained as a supercritical phase, and so once the caprock aquifers have some unknown fractures, the free carbon dioxide phase may leak from CO2 geologic sequestration reservoirs by buoyancy.     

Analysis of the effect of geology, soil properties, and land use on groundwater quality using multivariate statistical and GIS methods

The regional survey of groundwater used as a small water supply system was performed to know the effect of geology, soil properties and land use on groundwater quality at Nonsan City, Korea. A total of 126 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed at the study area. The multivariate statistical methods, principal components analysis and discriminant analysis, and GIS technique were used for the quantitative interpretation of groundwater quality. The study area is mainly composed of Precambrian gneiss, Jurassic granite, and Cretaceous volcanics, and metasedimentary rocks of the Ogcheon zone. The land use was grouped as paddy, upland, grassland, resident, point source, industrial area, and water system. The soil properties were classified as 4 major groups, Entisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols, by the degree of development, and reclassified as 11 subgroups. The modified and simplified geologic map, soil map, and land use map were made by using ARCGIS soft-ware. The area of geology, soil property, and land use affecting the groundwater quality for each well were also calculated by ARCGIS soft-ware to acquire the quantitative parameters for multivariate statistical analysis. The monitoring results of groundwater in the study area showed that 13%-21% of the groundwater samples exceeded the portable water guideline and the main causes were turbidity, bacteria, arsenic and nitrate-N. The spatial distribution of each component showed the close relationship between groundwater quality and geology reflecting the topography, land use.