来自于九年后日本海纳霍德卡溢油污染海岸的碳氢化合物降解细菌和石蜡

近十年来，石油类碳氢化合物，尤其是油溢带来的污染引起了广泛的关注。油溢会影响到自然菌落及其受污染菌落点的物理和化学性质。生物降解碳氢化合物是一种主要的除去油类泄漏污染源的方法。1997年1月2日，一艘名为纳霍德卡（Nakhodka）的俄罗斯油轮在日本海发生重油溢漏污染事故。纳霍德卡号油溢事件导致粘稠的流体污染了海岸，影响了周围的生态环境。本文详述了碳氢化合物降解细菌（假单胞菌种）的褪变，确定了九年后来自于纳霍德卡号油溢污染海岸的有机化合物。经过十年的生物修复，纳霍德卡溢油变硬．XRD分析结果中与石墨和方解石有关的0．422，     

Degradation of potassium-bearing minerals by thermophilic Aspergiilusfumigatus and its optimal conditions

Potassium fertilizer is in short supply in China. However, there is a considerable resource of insoluble potassium resources in the soil mineral or potassium-baring low-degrade rocks. Most of these kinds of potassium exist in aluminous silicate minerals from which potassium cannot be absorbed directly by plants. So it is very important to study how to release potassium from soil minerals or rocks by using biological action. Recently, a large number of researches on degradation of potassic mineral by bacterial but few by fungi have been reported. In order to study the degradation of potassic mineral by fungi, we isolated a strain of thermophilic fungi TH003, which can use potassic rock as nutrient source. The strain was identified as Aspergillus fumigatus based on its morphological characters and molecular biology. In this paper, the direct and indirect processes of mineral powder degradation with the strain of TH003 were studied： mineral powder was added in medium directly for cultivation so as to investigate the direct process. For the purpose of studying indirect process, mineral powder was wrapped up in a parcel using membrane with pore size of 0.22 μm, and then the parcels were added in the medium. The interaction between mineral granules and mycelia was observed by using TEM and AFM at different stages during the whole experimental procedure. The results showed that the effect of direct process is stronger than that of indirect process. For instance, the content of K^＋ is higher in both culture media and mycelia. Direct process includes mechanical demolishment, adsorption, parceling, phagocytosis, erosion and comprehensive effect, while indirect process only refers to erosion on the surface of mineral granules by metabolic products of mycelia. The technology of fermentation engineering was employed to study the biological effects of the strain of Aspergillus fumigatus TH003 on the minerals bating low-grade potassium. Nutrition factors and culture conditions that affect the process of mineral powder degrading with the strain of TH003 were studied in this paper. The results showed that glucose and corn steep are the optimal carbon and nitrogen resources in the strain culture medium, and that pH values range from 3.0 to 9.0.     

海冰细菌研究进展

地球两极海洋上覆盖的海冰为微生物提供了一个极端的生存环境。微生物在这环境中生存需要生理和代谢上的复杂适应机制。现有的研究表明,细菌在海冰中旺盛地生长繁殖,并在极区生态系统中占有重要地位。同时海冰细菌也已成为生命现象多样性等基础研究领域和生物工程领域的新热点。本文就近年来国内外在海冰细菌系统发育组成、生态生理学、生态作用和环境适应等方面所取得的研究进展进行简述,并初步探讨了今后海冰细菌研究中需要解决的一些问题。     

山西省水资源质量的富营养化程度及综合防治

通过分析水体富营养化对山西省水资源质量影响的范围、强度及发展趋势，在以营养盐为富营养化控制性指标的基础上，引入水生生态治理的概念，提出了建立一套包括水质和水生生态等富营养化综合治理措施，对湖泊、水库富营养化进行多目标防治和研究。     

铁矿物形成过程中的细菌作用研究

研究表明，细菌作用下形成针铁矿、水针铁矿和赤铁矿的过程中，细菌对矿物的作用贯穿于溶解吸附、络合、转换、结晶成核的全过程。细菌对矿物的作用具专属性。细菌作用不仅使原来矿物产生溶解、形成新矿物，生物化学显微环境的差异也可导致生成矿物的不同。同时细菌作用对矿物晶体结构、表面性质也产生影响。     

金属元素调控在水华治理中的作用初探

对湖泊和河流等水体的富营养化及水华的形成机理、临界发生条件、治理等做了简要介绍，针对近年来兴起的生物控制治理水华的技术，结合抗菌技术的研究成果，探讨通过对湖泊水体中的微量元素，特别是抗菌金属元素的调控来治理水华的新技术的可能性。     

青州造纸厂热电站对河谷环境的生态影响

本文以闽北南平青州造纸厂的热电站为例，分析了河谷地区热电站对周围环境的生态影响。     

浸矿细菌生长动力学研究进展

综述了近年来氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长动力学研究的主要成果，对氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长的各种数学模型作了简要的评述。