基于细菌觅食优化广义回归神经网络的煤层气含量预测

为提高煤层气含量预测的能力,提出了一种基于细菌觅食优化广义回归神经网络( BFA?GRNN)的煤层气含量预测算法。利用已有煤层资料,通过神经网络建立回归模型,采用细菌觅食算法对模型参数进行优化,减少人为因素在网络训练中的影响。据此算法,在聚类分析及灰色关联分析的基础上,选取密度等共7个影响因素,建立煤层气含量预测的BFA?GRNN模型,通过实例分析验证该方法的可行性。结果表明:BFA?GRNN模型预测值与实测值之间相对误差小于6%,采用该模型预测煤层含气量具有较好的应用前景。     

Synergistic effect of combining sulfate reducing bacteria and zerovalent iron permeable reactive barriers on the treatment of groundwater rich in uranium, sulfate and heavy metals

Uranium processing and mining activities that generate many contaminants, such as high concentrations of U （VI）, sulfate and heavy metals （Zn, Cu, Ni, etc）, may pose a serious threat to the groundwater resources. In recent years, considerable research has been conducted respectively on two kinds of permeable reactive barriers （PRB）, including zerovalent iron （ZVI） and sulfate reducing bacteria （SRB）, for in-situ removal of these pollutants from groundwater. However, little investigation has been carried out on the potential benefits of bioaugmenting ZVI barriers to enhance the elimination of the pollutants by combining ZVI with SRB systems. The main goal of this study was to conduct batch and column experiments to determine whether the combination of SRB and ZVI can function synergistically and accelerate the rate of pollutant removal. The results of anaerobic batch experiments demonstrated that although the integrated ZVI/PRB system itself has no ability to reduce and remove sulfate directly, SRB can utilize hydrogen gas produced during the slow process of ZVI corrosion as an electron donor to raise biomass yields significantly and accelerate reductive sulfate removal. In particular, ferrous cations produced as the byproduct of ZVI corrosion process reacted with hydrogen sulfide from sulfate reduction and formed iron-bearing sulfide precipitates, which can stimulate the growth of SRB and promote sulfate removal activity by eliminating the biotoxicity of hydrogen sulfide. It was also shown that secondary mineral products （pyrite/ferrous sulfide） formed as a consequence of microbial sulfate reduction and ZVI corrosion process can enhance the microbial precipitation of soluble U （VI） as insoluble uraninite（uranium dioxide）.     

细菌浸铜技术在紫金山铜矿的应用

介绍了生物浸矿技术在紫金山铜矿的应用及在这一过程中发现的一些问题，并提出了有待进一步解决的一些问题。     

广东湛江泥炭层中趋磁细菌的发现

在研究黄土剖面中有机物质（含微生物）与黄土层磁化率关系时,发现黄土层,特别是所夹古土壤层中存在含磁小体的趋磁细菌,古土壤层中趋磁细菌及磁小体含量均高于相邻的黄土层。磁小体形成和铁源关系测试结果揭示了趋磁细菌的生长与有机盐有关,较低浓度的有机铁更有利于趋磁细菌的生长和磁小体的形成。从某种意义上说有机盐反映地面有机质含量,从而表明大量磁小体形成不是在古土壤最发育时期,也不是在快速黄土堆积时期,而是在气候转变的特定环境,即经过古土壤发育期的长期风化侵蚀,粘土矿物含量增高,与上覆的黄土堆积物组合成微氧环…     

富水水库中微生物成因的显微针铁矿及其对微量元素的富集

通过对湖北省富水水库坝基渗漏水及其析出物的研究,探讨了现代沉积环境(水库)中显微铁矿物形成的机理及微生物在铁的生物矿化中的作用和意义.对析出物中微量元素的富集特征也进行了初步研究.用化学分析方法测试出坝基渗漏水中阳离子以Ca2+、Mg2+、k+、Na+为主,Fe2+和Fe3+含量极少,阴离子以HCO-3为主.析出物的化学成分以铁的氧化物为主.采用X射线衍射、差热分析、红外光谱和穆斯堡尔谱,以及透射电镜和扫描电镜等测试手段,分析研究了析出物的物相和形貌特征.析出物的主要矿物相为针铁矿、石英、伊利石、蒙脱石及微量方解石,呈弱结晶状态.由析出物中显微针铁矿特殊的形貌特征及其特征的穆斯堡尔谱图推测出富水水库沉积环境中显微针铁矿是由铁细菌形成.ICP-MS测试测试结果表明,析出物中不仅富集了铁,还富集了Yb、Pb、Dy、Zn、Co、Be、Eu、Sm和Tb等微量元素.微量元素的富集是微生物与显微针铁矿共同作用的结果.     

Temporal and dimensional distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria （SRB） groups and quantity in the sediments of Lake Erhai

The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the temporal and dimensional distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria （SRB） groups and quantity in Lake Erhai. In April and September 2005, two sediment cores were collected from Lake Erhai. SRB groups were analyzed by PCR with six-groups primers designed according to the specific 16SrDNA sequence. FISH （fluorescence in-situ hybridization） was established with the oligonucleotide probe （SRB385） and utilized to analyze SRB quantity in the sediments. The results showed that in the sediments of Lake Erhai four SRB groups were detected except Desulfobacterium and Desulfobacter, meanwhile Desulfovibrio-Desulfomicrobium were detected only in autumn; different SRB groups had different temporal and dimensional distribution, and each group in autumn is distributed more widely than in spring; FISH used to count SRB in the sediments of fresh lake was set up successfully; the analysis of correlation between the sediment＇s depth and SRB quantity had statistical meaning （P〈0.05） . The result showed that SRB quantity showed a decreasing trend with increasing depth. Through the analysis of randomized block designed analysis of variance, the difference in SRB quantity between spring and autumn also had statistical meaning （P〈0.001）, which revealed SRB quantity in autumn was larger than in spring; the result of FISH showed that there were some SRB in the deeper sediments in which no above-mentioned six SRB groups were detected by PCR. SRB groups in the sediments of Lake Erhai were rich, and the quantities of SRB groups in autumn were larger than in spring; possibly there were uncultivable SRB groups in the sediments of Lake Erhai.     

青藏高原冬克玛底冰川可培养细菌群落特征研究

冬克玛底冰川作为重要的长江源头之一,近年来主要以冰川气候、地质变化等自然地理方向的研究为主,而对于冬克玛底冰川不同生境中可培养细菌多样性及群落构成的研究还鲜有报道。为了阐明冬克玛底冰川可培养细菌多样性及其与环境因子的相关关系,发掘冰川微生物资源,针对冬克玛底冰川雪、冰和融水3种生境开展了研究。采用传统可培养法分离菌株,16S rRNA基因序列分析方法进行菌株鉴定,统计学方法分析可培养细菌多样性及其影响因素。结果表明,本研究中可培养细菌分属于放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。其中放线菌门为优势菌门,库克菌属(Kocuria)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)和马赛菌属(Massilia)为优势菌属。不同生境中的可培养细菌数量、群落结构和多样性均不同,冰样中可培养细菌数量最多、群落结构复杂并且多样性最高。冬克玛底冰川分离的36个菌属中有8个菌属未从其他冰川分离出。冰川不同生境中可培养细菌群落结构差异较大;Cl^-和Ca²⁺     

原始黄铁矿莓体的发现与研究

用扫描电子显微镜研究晋东南太原组下部黄铁矿矿石和煤岩中的黄铁矿,发现许多原始莓体保留着形成时的特征。这些特征反映出原始莓体大多数为硫磺细菌化石,少数由胶体形成。本文对莓体的成因、特征、形成环境等进行了论述。