Nonlinear aspects of energy dissipation in wood-panel joints

The joints connecting vertical and horizontal elements are the "weak link" in structural systems assembled from wood panels. If they are too weak, local failures may occur, resulting in performance that is significantly below expectations. If they are too resistant, the joints may be unable to dissipate energy during vibrations, thus possibly initiating a fast progressive failure. This paper re-processes and re-elaborates the results of shaking table tests previously carried out by the author and other co-workers. The goal is to assess the feasibility of a joint which is able to dissipate energy during vibration, without degrading the connection performance.     

Semi-active model predictive control for 3rd generation benchmark problem using smart dampers

A semi-active strategy for model predictive control (MPC), in which magneto-rheological dampers are used as an actuator, is presented for use in reducing the nonlinear seismic response of high-rise buildings. A multi-step predictive model is developed to estimate the seismic performance of high-rise buildings, taking into account of the effects of nonlinearity, time-variability, model mismatching, and disturbances and uncertainty of controlled system parameters by the predicted error feedback in the multi-step predictive model. Based on the predictive model, a Kalman-Bucy observer suitable for semi-active strategy is proposed to estimate the state vector from the acceleration and semi-active control force feedback. The main advantage of the proposed strategy is its inherent stability, simplicity, on-line real-time operation, and the ability to handle nonlinearity, uncertainty, and time-variability properties of structures. Numerical simulation of the nonlinear seismic responses of a controlled 20-story benchmark building is carried out, and the simulation results are compared to those of other control systems. The results show that the developed semi-active strategy can efficiently reduce the nonlinear seismic response of high-rise buildings.     

地震工程研究的科学大平台

始于十九世纪末的地震工程研究,在其100多年的历史中积累了大量的理论和实践经验,随之而建设起来的各类地震工程实验设施分布于世界各地。近20年来,信息技术的飞速发展使得分布于世界各地的实验设施通过网络实现协同实验和资源共享。基于以上的信息,为了更好更快地和国际接轨,本文提出了建设一个地震工程研究领域的科学大平台设想。这个大平台包括三个方面的内容:数值模拟,网络协同实验系统和基础信息系统,将形成本领域开放性的综合科学平台。在数值模拟方面,这个科学平台将利用最新的信息技术将本领域的科学研究结果和方法集成起来,形成一个模块式的科学研究平台系统。在网络协同实验方面,将采纳美国NEES的思路,并对其改进和提高之后应用于中国。在基础数据方面,将利用最为先进的数据仓储技术,建设一个可以服务于地震工程科学研究的数据平台。最后,文章给出了建设这个科学平台的规划,以及目前的进展和资金支持等情况。     

上海地区酸雨观测实验

1986年6—7月在上海地区进行了酸雨综合观测试验。本文从所得资料分析讨论了有关SO_2浓度、云水pH值与化学组分的垂直分布。地面雨水pH位和化学组分及气溶胶粒子的谱分布等。并探讨了上海地区酸性降雨的来源及成因。     

岩石和断层泥摩擦特性的现场大尺度试件实验研究

为了研究岩石与断层泥的摩擦特性,在远安断裂带附近的灰岩体中开挖试洞、制作试体,进行大尺度试件的现场实验研究.实验用直剪法进行.试体的尺度为506030cm3.试体与岩体间的摩擦面积为3000cm2.摩擦面分为天然断层面、软弱夹层面和节理裂隙面三种.测得的摩擦系数平均值是:（1）天然断层面————0.48;（2）软弱夹层面————0.41;（3）节理裂隙面————0.84.与室内小试件实验结果进行对比,发现现场断层泥的摩擦系数与室内实验结果相近.现场岩石的摩擦系数与室内粗糙岩石的实验结果相近.由于摩擦面积的增大,摩擦面上各点介质屈服的时间有明显的差别.部分摩擦面上介质的较早屈服可作为预报整体失稳的前兆.      

地热异常的水槽模型实验

作为地球物理场的一个分支,地温场在理论和应用研究方面与其它地球物理场一样,也主要是依靠数学方法和物理模型实验的方法来进行的。本文讨论了地热异常水槽模型实验的理论原理;介绍了实验方法技术、实验结果和实际应用效果。     

旋转流体物理实验中见到的大气环流特征

在合适的实验参数下(热力Rossby数R_(OT)=0.1,Taylor数T_a=2.2 ×10~7),在旋转斜压流中,大尺度地形强迫造成低频振荡以及大气环流中的“阻塞”流型。这是由于地形强迫造成的准静止波与行进波的相互作用及共振引起的。地形把波数单一的流动变成多波数的流动。地形强迫使波数减少。