Investigation of hydrolysis and coagulation mechanism of poly-iron coagulant

Chemical coagulation is very important in water treatment, in which coagulant is an essential part. Pre-polymerized Al^3＋ and Fe^3＋ products have been used in practice, continuously spread for many years. However, iron-based coagulant has become the focus of studies due to cumulative biologic toxicity of residual Al in treated water. Polyferric sulfate （PFS） and poly-silicic-ferric sulfate （PSF） are all pre-polymerized polymers of Fe^3＋ salts. The hydrolysis process and species distribution of Fe^3＋ ions have been investigated extensively by many chemists and water-treatment specialists. Generally, the coagulation mechanism of conventional or pre-polymerized coagulants was often studied through jar-test, absorption experiment, microstructure observation or hydrolysis species indirectly. However, few researches have been done on the hydrolysis process of PSF in detail and on the study of the coagulation mechanism using its hydrolysis species distribution until now. In this work, PSF was prepared using water glass, ferrous sulfate and sodium chlorate by a copolymerization method. The hydrolysis species distribution was theoretically derived from pH variation during hydrolysis process of PSF compared to that of polyferric sulfate （PFS）, and then characteristics [morphology, species size, Zeta potential, spectra of X-ray diffraction and infrared spectra （IR）] and coagulation performances were explored between them. Coagulation mechanism was analyzed according to hydrolysis species distribution, characteristics and coagulation performances. The results showed that PSF gives different species distribution at different pH values and characteristics from those of PFS, leading to different coagulation mechanisms between the two coagulants.     

高盐矿井水深部转移存储介质特征与水动力演化规律

高盐矿井水处理及排放是近几年影响煤炭高效开采的重要因素之一,选择开采煤层底板下深部适当的含水层,将高盐矿井水进行异位转移存储是一种值得探索的矿井水排放减量方法。以鄂尔多斯盆地X矿为例,分析认为开采煤层以下宝塔山砂岩和深层刘家沟组砂岩地层具备转移存储空间。采取压汞实验和岩石力学分析研究2组地层介质特征;采用水位自然恢复试验、压水试验和数值模拟等手段研究水文地质参数和水动力场特征。结果表明:宝塔山砂岩孔隙率为6.57%~19.89%,储水潜力大但距离开采煤层过近,转移存储矿井水可能引起底板突水威胁,现今开采阶段不考虑作为转移存储目的层;刘家沟组孔隙率为4.18%~7.49%,原始状态下渗透系数为5.31×10-6 m/d,注水压裂后为0.008 14~0.015 27 m/d,渗透能力大幅提升并可保持稳定;MODFLOW模拟结果表明,刘家沟组含水层在长期转移存储矿井水方面具备较好前景。      

海洋生物高分子壳聚糖微孔树脂的开发

在简要评述甲壳素和壳聚糖的资源、产业及其应用特点的同时,着重叙述壳聚糖微孔树脂的制备、性质、功能和应用,从而展示壳聚糖及其微孔树脂的发展前景。     

Study on algae removal by immobilized biosystem on sponge

In this study, sponges were used to immobilize domesticated sludge microbes in a limited space, forming an immobilized biosystem capable of algae and microcystins removal. The removal effects on algae, microcystins and UV260 of this biosystem and the mechanism of algae removal were studied. The results showed that active sludge from sewage treatment plants was able to remove algae from a eutrophic lake＇s water after 7 d of domestication. The removal efficiency for algae, organic matter and microcystins increased when the domesticated sludge was immobilized on sponges. When the hydraulic retention time （HRT） was 5h, the removal rates of algae, microcystins and UV260 were 90%, 94.17% and 84%, respectively. The immobilized biosystem consisted mostly of bacteria, the Ciliata and Sarcodina protozoans and the Rotifer metazoans. Algal decomposition by zoogloea bacteria and preyingby microcreatures were the two main modes of algal removal, which occurred in two steps： first, absorption by the zoogloea; second, decomposition by the zoogloea bacteria and the predacity of the microcreatures.     

一种重金属废水处理剂处理工业含铅废水的研究

用滚动成型的方法将改性天然磷灰石粉末制备成颗粒状水处理剂,并对工业含铅废水进行了静态和动态处理研究.静态实验中该水处理剂去除铅离子的能力可达到661.10 mg/g;动态实验结果表明该水处理剂每1 kg可以处理Pb2 浓度为58.3 mg/L的废水3 m3,出水达到排放标准.对使用过的水处理剂进行高温固化或者添加到粘土中制砖,可避免二次污染.经济分析显示该水处理剂具有很好的应用潜力和开发价值.     

岩溶区隧道涌水研究现状及建议

主要从涌水量预测、地质超前预报技术和涌水处理三个方面总结分析了岩溶区隧道涌水的研究现状,并就相关问题进行了探讨,提出了自己的见解。      

煤矿矿井水净化处理与回灌治理技术

煤矿在开采煤炭的同时,会有大量的矿井污水排到地面,造成环境污染。为解决矿井水排放的污染问题,施工大口径回灌井和建造地面水净化处理厂,矿井水经处理后部分用于煤矿生产,多余部分通过回灌井注入地下,实现水资源循环利用和节能减排。通过梧桐庄矿工程实例,介绍了煤矿矿井水净化处理与回灌治理技术。     

淡水体系中透明胞外聚合颗粒物(TEP)的研究进展

透明胞外聚合颗粒物(Transparent Exopolymer Particles,TEP)是水体中一类特殊的自由形态胞外聚合物(Extracellular Polymeric Substances,EPS),同时具有固相胶体相两相特点以及低密度、高碳氮比、高黏性等特点,因而对水体生态系统中的地球化学循环产生重要的作用。通过对国内外文献的查阅及太湖的调查研究,概述了国内外对于TEP研究的现状与动态。对其来源及形成,包括丰度分布、数量及生态意义进行综述。需要指出的是,尽管目前已经有许多关于海洋中TEP特性的研究,但是,对于淡水湖泊中TEP的研究仍然非常稀少。说明TEP在营养元素的地球化学循环过程中的作用及其重要性并没有得到充分的认识。未来的研究方向应该侧重淡水生态体系中TEP的来源及其形成机制方面,特别是与EPS库的其他形态之间的相互转化关系及与微生物、浮游植物(包括与水华暴发蓝藻)新陈代谢之间的关联机制,和TEP的降解、归趋及循环,以及对水体生态系统的影响等方面。此外,饮用水或污水处理中TEP对处理工艺的影响需得到重视。     

Problems of high fluoride waters in Turkey

The geochemistry theory can provide information about the distribution, contents and migration in nature of the chemical elements in minerals, rocks, soils, waters, atmospheres, etc. Therefore, it has been applied extensively. Nowadays the petroleum supply throughout the world is in tension. The coal resources are unfriendly to the environment, because coals contain many harmful chemical elements. How to exploit the efficient clean liquid energy from coals is a hot subject of study. This paper deals with the present domestic and international applications of geochemistry in coal liquefaction research, on the basis of coal geology, points out the shortages and problems that need to be dissolved, clarifies the necessity of coal liquefaction technique research under the coal geochemistry background. To enhance the oil production and reduce environmental effects, the direct coal liquefaction technique research should take it into consideration the three-aspects coupling pattern, which includes the influence of coal direct liquefaction activity combined with different geochemical parameters, the different migration behaviors of harmful elements in the coal liquefaction process, and the geological control factors of coal-forming environments. It is indicated that the coal geochemistry is extensively applied in coal direct liquefaction technique research.     

Closed recirculating system for shrimp-mollusk polyculture

This paper deals with a new system of aquaculture, i.e., a closed recirculating system for shrimp-mollusk polyculture. The culture system consisted of several shrimp ponds, a mollusk water-purifying pond and a reservoir. During the production cycle, water circulated between the shrimp and mollusk ponds, and the reservoir compensated for water loss from seepage and evaporation. Constricted tagelus, Sinonovacula constricta, was selected as the cultured mollusk, and Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, as the cultured shrimp. The main managing measures during the production cycle were： setting and using the aerators; introducing the probiotic products timely into the shrimp ponds; adopting a “pen-closing” method for controlling shrimp viral epidemics; setting the flow diversion barriers in the mollusk pond to keep the circulating water flowing through the pond along a sine-like curve and serve as substrate for biofilm; no direct feeding was necessary for the cultured mollusk until the co-cultured shrimp was harvested; natural foods in the water from the shrimp ponds was used for their foods. Two sets of the system were used in the experiment in 2002 and satisfactory results were achieved. The average yield of the shrimp was 11 943.5 kg/hm^2, and that of the mollusk was 16 965 kg/hm^2. After converting the mollusk yield into shrimp yield at their market price ratio, the food coefficient of the entire system averaged at as low as 0.81. The water quality in the ponds was maintained at a desirable level and no viral epidemics were discovered during the production cycle.