The relationship betwwen ENSO cycle and high and low—flow in the upper Yellow River

Firstly,the hydrological and meteorological features of the upper reaches of the Yellow River above Tangnag are analyzed based on observation data,and effects of El Nino and La Nina events on the high and low flow in the upper Yellow River are discussed.The results show El Nino and La Nina events possess consanguineous relationship with runoff in the upper Yellow River.As a whole,the probability of low flow occurrence in the upper Yellow River is relatively great along with the occurrence of El Nino event.Moreover,the flood in the upper Yellow River occurs frequently with the occurrence of La Nina event.Besides,the results also show dissimilarity of El Nino event occurring time exerts greater impact on high flow and low flow in the upper Yellow River,that is,the probability of drought will be greater in the same year if El Nino event occurs in spring,the high-flow may happen in this year if El Nino occurs in summer or autumn;the longer the continuous period of El Nino is,the lower the runoff in the upper Yellow River is.     

陆地生态系统模型比较研究进展

陆地生态系统作为地球表层复杂系统中重要一环是全球碳氮循环研究的核心内容之一，在陆地生态系统研究中模型作为一种必不可少的手段备受关注。近年来，国际上发展了多种基于不同原理和目标的模型，其模拟结果也不尽相同。为了对这些模型进行比较研究，国际上开展了多个模型比较研究计划。本在筒述各种模型比较计划的基础上；阐述了目前国际上一些比较成功的模型的研究进展；指出模型的进一步发展必须建立在对生态系统各个组成要素、生态过程及其对气候变化的响应与反馈机制研究的基础之上。耦合大气、岩石圈、生物圈从机理上模拟碳氮动态，同时在进行区域或全球尺度评价时引入遥感、地理信息系统等手段，将是未来模型发展的趋势。     

Petrographic of Northwestern Sudan

The sedimentology of the Northwestern Sudan consists of lower, middle and upper cycles. The lower and upper cycles are composed of intercalated fluvial and shallow marine facies, whereas the middle cycle consists entirely of fluvial and glaciofluvial facies. The petrographic analysis shows that the lower and upper cydes consist of quartz and lithic arenite sandstones, whereas the middle cycle consists of arkosic and lithic arenite sandstones. The lower and upper cycle sandstones reflect derivation mainly from recycled orogens with minor contribution from craton interior provenances. However, the middle cycle sandstones indicate derivation from basement uplift, transitional and mainly recycled orogens provenances.     

ω循环型边界条件

通过利用预条件共轭梯度法对对称正定Toeplitz 矩阵系统进行分析，重点介绍了一种新的嵌入式预条件矩阵构造方法，证明了以前的预条件矩阵构造方法大都是这种方法的特例.提出了ω循环型边界条件，并将其与普通循环型及螺旋型边界条件作了分析、比较后得到了一种新的边界条件即混合型边界条件.     

水热气象条件与天然针茅草地地上生物量及营养动态关系的研究

天然针茅草地是形成我国中温型草原亚带的重要群系，也是我区放牧和割草场资源。5年定位研究表明，牧草生物量与降水、温度呈正相关，降水起到主导作用，降水受到欧亚大气环流和西风环流指数所制约。牧草粗蛋白质、脂肪、钙、磷含量呈“双峰”型的季节动态，是由于降水影响牧草生长发育节律所致。对放牧家畜营养状况诊断，合理安排割草期都具有重要意义。针茅草地均属氮碳（NC）营养型，适宜发展皮、肉、乳兼用家畜和毛、肉兼用的细毛绵羊。     

上海地区循环不排水作用下饱和软粘土孔隙水压力模型的建立

本文通过应力控制式循环三轴试验，研究了饱和软粘土在不排水循环荷载作用下的性状。     

烤烟中化学成分和自由基关系的电子自旋共振研究

本研究是应用电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）方法以初烤烟和复烤烟为材料，检测烤烟中主要化学成分和自由基的关系，从而探索其化学成分与自由基和烤烟质量等级的关系。结果发现，随烤烟等级质量的降低其自由基含量增加，自由基浓度与总氮、蛋白质含量成显著正相关，而还原糖和总糖的含量愈高其自由基含量愈低。自由基与烤烟的碳氮比（Ｃ／Ｎ）呈极显著的负相关，这些结果将有可能成为烤烟生产和香烟加工的重要科学依据。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC HEAT SOURCE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUMMER MONSOON ONSET OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS LATE OR EARLY ONSET

The characteristics of atmospheric heat source associated with the summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea (SCS) are studied using ECMWF reanalysis data from 1979 to 1993. A criterion of the SCS summer monsoon onset is defined by the atmospheric hea…     

钻孔灌注桩泵吸反循环钻进成孔工艺分析

近几年来，我们应用泵吸反循环钻进成孔工艺在郑州市环城快速路两座立交桥、洛三高速路桥共钻凿灌注桩孔88个，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益，为类似地层施工提供了可供借鉴的经验。现对不同工区钻凿灌注桩桩孔技术资料进行类比分析，以供参考。