Photoinduced toxicity single and binary mixtures of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum

Diatom Skeletonema costatum Cleve is one of the main predominant phytoplankton species in the Changjiang Estuary in China. In order to provide some basic information for future assessment of the potential risk on phytoplankton communities in this estuary caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), this alga was selected as a representative to investigate the photoinduced toxicity of PAHs, in single and mixture. Four PAHs including three-ring phenanthrene and anthracene, four-ring fluoranthene and pyrene were tested in the laboratory. The single toxicity of each PAH on this microalga was compared with and without the simulated solar UV radiation. The results showed that this microalga was sensitive to PAH's photoinduced toxicity. Ratios of the 72 h median effect concentration obtained for fluorescent and UV light tests were about 8.4 for phenanthrene, 13.0 for anthracene, 6.5 for fluoranthene, and 5.7 for pyrene, indicating that UV light enhanced the PAH toxicity to this alga significantly. Under the fluorescent radiation (lacking UV), the dose-response curves based on chemical concentrations revealed that the order of toxic strength was fluoranthene greater than pyrene greater than anthracene greater than phenanthrene; while under the UV radiation (476 μW/cm2 for UVA, 6.5 μW/cm2 for UVB) it became fluoranthene approximately equaling anthracene greater than pyrene greater than phenanthrene, indicating that the UV light also changed its relative toxicity to this alga. The photoinduced toxicity of PAHs to the marine diatom S. costatum might be a synergistic effect of photosensitization reactions (e.g., generation of single-state oxygen) and photomodification (photooxidation and/or photolysis).The combined effects of six binary mixtures on the marine diatom S. costatum were investigated using the additive-index method. Four binary-mixtures (phenanthrene plus anthracene; phenanthrene plus pyrene; anthracene plus fluoranthene; anthracene plus pyrene) were found to be synergistic joint action mode, while two binary-mixtures (phenanthrene plus fluoranthene; fluoranthene plus pyrene) displayed antagonist, revealing a complex pattern of possible interactions. The combined action mode of PAHs might be related to various factors such as the mixture compounds, mixture ratios and test conditions, etc.     

应用微核技术监测海水诱变剂的初步实验

工业化和环境污染总是并行发生的。如何在工业化过程中尽量避免环境污染是大家关心的问题。在研究这个问题中，建立有效的生物测定法，来监测环境污染，防止污染物影响人类健康是很有意义的。     

机载雷达高度计对海况及海面风速的测量研究

运用我国自行研制的ＺＨＧ－１型Ｘ波段机载雷达高度计于１９９５年４月１３日－４月１８日在青岛附近海域进行的海上飞行实验数据，及导出的均方根波高、有效波高、均方根波陡算法模型，得到了上述海况参数值。     

核技术在海洋研究中的应用 Ⅶ.核测量仪器在海洋研究中的直接应用

本文主要介绍几种核测量仪器在海洋研究中的直接应用。其中包括:活化分析法的应用;谱仪分析法的应用,其它核测量仪器的应用;核辐射的直接应用。     

西藏羊卓雍湖水环境变化探索研究

本文对西藏羊卓雍湖水环境现状和变化趋势进行了研究。用水量平衡方程和零维水质模型定量计算了该湖水利资源开发后水量和矿化度的变化,结果表明,湖水矿化度在水平和垂直方向的变化不大;67年后,湖水面积减少121.4km~2,年入湖水量比蒸发量大1.8l亿m~3,可供继续发电,水量达到新的平衡;湖泊水质逐渐淡化,700年后湖水矿化度将达平衡浓度。保持现状不开发羊湖水资源,湖泊水质将继续咸化。     

太平洋尘埃的来源

在深海沉积物岩心中保存的风成尘埃提供了以往大气循环和大陆古气候的有价值指标．早期深海表层沉积物研究利用粘土和石英成分及岩石学特征的变化来推断物质来源和搬运机制．Biscaye(1965)和Zimmerman(1975)研究了大西洋粘土矿物．结果表明流水动力是大西洋深海沉积物中最重要的搬运机制。相反，     

中国鱼类学会第四次全国代表大会暨1993年学术年会在青岛召开

随着人类活动的频率不断加强，高额掠捕重要经济鱼类资源、环境污染直接威胁鱼类生态栖息地、人工增养殖培苗系统对天然鱼种遗传多样性的破坏等，已在相当程度上导致物种绝灭、传统鱼种资源衰退和种质资源的退化。因此，尽快查明我国鱼类物种多样性特征，研究持续利用重要鱼类资源和开展濒危鱼种的保护生物学研究，已成为当今鱼类学研究的优先主题，更需委我国鱼类学研究工作者的共同努力。本着这一热衷愿望，中国鱼类学会第四次全国代表大会暨1993年学术年会，于1993年10月25日-30日在青岛召开。这次会议得到了全国鱼类学界的积极响应，应…     

0010号台风"碧利斯"对厦门港湾表层海水中溶解无机砷含量的影响

本文研究了0010号台风“碧利斯”影响期间及其随后的恢复期中,厦门港湾中九龙江口和西港海域站表层海水总溶解砷（TDIAs)、As^3 含量和As^3 /As^5 值的变化特征。结果表明,观测期间两站TDIAs和As^5 含量均比非台风时期呈数倍增加,经10d后仍未恢复到非台风时的水平。As^3 含量也有较大幅度的增加,但波动较大。文中还对观测期间影响溶解无机砷含量的因素进行了初步的探讨。