Antioxidation activities of low-molecular-weight gelatin hydrolysate isolated from the sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stichopus japonicus</Emphasis>

Gelatin extracted from the body wall of the sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) was hydrolyzed with flavourzyme. Low-molecular-weight gelatin hydrolysate (LMW-GH) of 700–1700 Da was produced using an ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor system. Chemiluminescence analysis revealed that LMW-GH scavenges high free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner; IC₅₀ value for superoxide and hydroxyl radicals was 442 and 285 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. LMW-GH exhibited excellent inhibitory characteristics against melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in B16 cells. Furthermore, LMW-GH notably increased intracellular glutathione (GSH), which in turn suppressed melanogenesis. LMW-GH performs antioxidation activity, holding the potential of being used as a valuable ingredient in function foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals or nutriceuticals.     

云南泸水双米地铅矿成因探讨

脉状矿体赋存于高黎贡山群下亚群第三层（Ptgl31）,品位取决于大理岩、片麻岩破碎程度,典型的中低温热液裂隙充填型铅矿.     

HPLC/ESI/MS技术在南海红树林内生真菌1403#的次级代谢产物分析中的应用

通过HPLC/ESI/MS检测南海红树林内生真菌Halorosellinia sp.1403#的次级代谢产物,推断代谢产物的分子量大小、极性,结合HPLC/ESI/MS2推断可能的结构。添加硼酸作为生长因子,将在该条件下获得的代谢产物和标准物对比,发现了10个已经在原来条件下得到的代谢产物,包括两个首次从该菌在原培养条件下发现的新代谢产物和14个在原培养条件下没有发现的代谢产物。实验证明HPLC/ESI/MS对海洋微生物次级代谢产物的分离和纯化具有重要的指导意义。     

黑色岩系中海底热液SEDEX矿床的研究概况

黑色岩系是含硫化物和有机质较高的暗色泥质岩、硅岩、碳酸盐岩组合,黑色岩系中以海底热液喷流作用形成的矿床是国际研究热点。因为海陆变化、壳幔作用以及全球构造变动均导致黑色岩系和SEDEX矿床的演化,所以研究湘黔张家界—遵义地区有机物从保存、埋藏、生烃、排气到过成熟,均与微生物的生命代谢、内生地质作用、成矿机制同步谐动,地球化学影响和生物成矿作用与全球性的气候变迁、缺氧事件相关联,而且以上研究集中体现在事件地质学的成因解释、热水喷流沉积作用、生物矿化与金属矿化、矿物成因与环境影响、铂族元素矿物、黑色页岩石煤与金属矿化、元素地球化学影响等方面。研究数据充分显示了特定的地质背景、成矿环境、生物作用机制在黑色岩系SEDEX矿床成岩成矿中的作用。     

温度对南京丰年虫呼吸代谢的影响

在室内实验条件下,采用SKW-3型微量检压装置(瓦氏呼吸仪)测定了温度、体长以及性别对南京丰年虫(Chirocephalus nankinensis)耗氧率与呼吸商的影响.实验结果表明:南京丰年虫随着个体体长的增加,条件温度下降,耗氧率均呈下降趋势.丰年虫耗氧率与体表面积(体长的平方)呈正相关.性成熟的雄性个体耗氧率相对于雌性个体要小.南京丰年虫的呼吸系数(RQ)一般在0.71～1.00之间,无节幼体因为体内富含脂肪而RQ值较小.南京丰年虫作为淡水养殖鲜活饵料生物,具有营养价值高、易消化吸收的特点.研究其耗氧率和呼吸商,可以在一定程度上反映出呼吸代谢的强度,为计算丰年虫的合理养殖密度、有效利用水体空间、达到最佳的养殖效果提供理论依据.     

Metabolism of polychaete Neanthes japonica Izuka： relations to temperature, salinity and body weight

Polychaete Neanthes japonica is a species geographically specific in China and Japan with important scientific implication and commercial value. In this study, the relations of body weight, salinity and temperature to oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of N. japonica were determined. Three different groups in body weight (large: 2.34±0.36 g, middle: 1.50±0.21 g and small: 0.62±0.12 g) were set for all experiments. Results show that the body weight is negatively related to the rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion; and the relationship is significant. The oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion at 24°C decreased at salinity from 5 to 30 and increased above 30, indicating that both lower and higher salinity are adverse and certain degree of salinity stress is necessary for enhancing the energy demand. At salinity 30, rising temperature from 18°C to 30°C, the oxygen consumption increased before 27°C and then decreased. However, the relation of ammonia excretion and temperature seems more complex. Two-way ANOVA shows that salinity, temperature and body weight all have a significant effect on the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of the worm. Moreover, interaction between salinity/temperature and body weight is also significant. O:N (oxygen/nitrogen) ratio varies greatly in this case from 5.97 to 463.22, indicating that N. japonica can regulate the type of metabolic substrate against environment changes. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30490233) and the Three-Gorge Project and the Estuarine Environment (No. SX2004-018) from the Three Gorges Project Construction Committee     

渤海海域石东斜坡带“双断-接力”油气运移模式及勘探实践

为厘清斜坡带油气运移、聚集、成藏等科学难题,高效指导斜坡带油气勘探,通过综合分析石臼坨凸起东部斜坡区的石油地质特征,提出了“双断-接力”油气运移模式。边界断裂活动性、断面形态及启闭性控制油气由凹陷向凸起垂向运移,并在凸起斜坡区沿新近系馆陶组横向运移,馆陶组顶面形态控制油气横向运移方向;切脊次级断裂控制油气最终聚集成藏。基于QHD33-1S油田区的264个已钻砂体统计,控制砂体成藏的切脊次级断裂(A类断裂),均位于油气优势运移路径上,且断层活动性>50 m、切入馆陶组构造脊的规模在4 km以上。勘探实践证实,位于油气优势运移路径上、A类断裂控制下的构造和构造-岩性圈闭是油气成藏的有利区。     

底泥疏浚效果及环境效应研究进展

底泥疏浚的效果至今仍存在很大争议,其中之一是疏浚后所产生的环境效果有可能偏离人们的期望.疏浚能够有效的削减沉积物中营养物、重金属和持久性有机物等污染物含量,但疏浚过程中会引起污染物向水体释放,疏浚后的界面过程有可能对疏浚效果产生较大影响.底泥疏浚对水体富营养化的控制有成功的经验也有失败的教训,不同的湖泊疏浚后对营养盐释放的控制效果不同.底泥疏浚往往对底栖生物产生危害,具体表现为种类、丰富度与生物量的减少,群落结构发生变化,多样性降低;疏浚后微生物胞外酶活性降低,底泥疏浚对沉积物代谢功能存在显著影响,底栖生物和酶活性的恢复需要长期的过程.底泥疏浚对湖泊水污染控制具有时效性,疏浚方式、疏浚深度与疏浚时令是疏浚工程应关注的问题.     

以醋酸为共代谢基质时四氯乙烯的生物降解初步研究

四氯乙烯(PCE)是一种广泛用于干洗和脱脂的有机溶剂,是地下水中常见的污染物.在本实验中,将某肉联厂厌氧污泥接种到土壤中,进行微生物培养.当系统中的微生物活性较高时,以醋酸为共代谢基质,进行驯化实验,当系统中的微生物适应浓度为120μg/L的PCE之后,对PCE在厌氧条件下的降解情况进行研究.研究结果表明,将厌氧污泥接种到土壤中培养的微生物,在以醋酸为共代谢基质的条件下,可以使PCE很快转化为三氯乙烯(TCE),并可以进一步转化为二氯乙烯(DCEs).PCE在天然地下水中的半衰期为108d,本实验PCE降解的半衰期为2.95d,反应速率常数为0.2342d-1.