三种红树根部组织抗氧化酶活性对水淹胁迫的响应

以自然种群高程分布为根据, 选择对潮汐浸泡耐性存在一定差异的白骨壤(Avicennia marina)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)和木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)为实验树种。对3种红树幼苗进行为期0d、1d、3d、5d、7d、14d的水淹处理, 测定其根部组织的过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性、抗坏血酸氧化酶(ascorbic acid oxidase, APX)活性和过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性。水淹处理会导致植物根部组织受低氧胁迫从而破坏活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)生产和消除的平衡, ROS大量累积给植物带来氧化损伤。实验测定与清除ROS有关的酶指标, 结果表明POD活性在1d至14d的水淹周期内随时间呈现上升趋势, 这可能与POD参与活性氧以及乙醇、乳酸等有毒物质的反应有关。CAT、SOD、APX活性均呈现应激上升后下降趋势, 由此推断该系列抗氧化酶在水淹胁迫发生前中期对消除红树植物根部组织大量产生的活性氧具有重要意义。抗氧化酶系在3种红树植物中的表达存在一定差异, 但整体仍呈相似的变化趋势。通过层次聚类法对各项酶活性指标分析后发现, 白骨壤抗氧化酶系的活性模式与木榄和桐花树的存在一定差异, 但没有发现木榄与桐花树抗氧化酶系统表达模式的明显差异。本研究旨在更好地了解红树林对水淹胁迫的生理适应机制, 为红树林生态系统保护与管理提供理论依据。     

南海礁栖海藻共附生真菌Pestalotiopsis neglecta SCSIO41 403次级代谢产物研究

研究南海礁栖腔节藻Coelarthrum sp.共附生真菌Pestalotiopsis neglecta SCSIO41403的次级代谢产物。采用中压正相柱层析色谱法和半制备高效液相色谱法, 对真菌发酵产物进行分离纯化, 制备获得6个次级代谢产物单体化合物, 使用核磁共振、质谱等波谱学方法, 结合其理化性质以及文献数据对比, 分别鉴定为: gamahorin (1)、microsporaline C (2)、7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4,6-dimethylphthalidc (3)、demethyl nectriapyrone A (4)、4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5)和4-hydroxyphenethyl acetate (6)。这6个化合物均为首次从该菌株发现, 其中化合物1、2、5和6是首次从海洋动植物共附生真菌中发现。抗菌活性筛选显示其中化合物3对白色念珠菌有明显抑制活性。     

1960—2021年民勤沙区10种典型荒漠植物种群变化特征

对60 a来民勤沙区10种典型荒漠植物种群分布、消长变化及现状进行调查研究。结果表明：随着水文生态环境不断恶化,沙漠化加剧,植被从原来的沼泽、草甸植被不断向沙、旱生方向演化,大量物种消失,植被演替加快,植被发生了显著变化。原来广布的草甸关键建群种芦苇（Phragmites communis）、柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）、盐爪爪（Kalidium foliatum）种群在沙区整体衰退,目前仅在河、湖岸,绿洲边缘生长较好;白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）种群逐渐替代柽柳成为沙区最大的天然灌木种群,并在一些沙区出现衰退,沙包活化;雨养沙区沙蒿（Artemisia sphaerocephalla）、沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）、霸王（Zygophyllum xanthoxylum）等随降水多少而波动性扩展和衰退;超旱生植物膜果麻黄（Ephedra przewalskii）和红砂（Reamuria soongorica）在荒漠植被普遍退化中区域性扩展;人工梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）林已成为沙区仅次于白刺的种群,生态...     

人工湿地的植物选择和净化效果评价

为优化人工湿地植物的水体净化功能和景观生态效果,构建了表流人工湿地不同植物组合的评价体系,分析了湿地植物组合的应用潜力。评价体系选用一级、二级评价指标,一级指标包括植物特性、净化能力、社会经济功能和景观功能;二级指标包括耐污性、耐寒性、氮、磷、COD的去除率和植物维护管理等15项指标。通过计算每种植物组合的指标分数,判断在不同情况下最适合的植物组合。结果表明:在处理污染严重的污水时,芦苇—浮萍—穗状狐尾藻为最优组合,得分为0.80,属于“优”级;在处理污染较轻的水体时,芦苇—凤眼莲—穗状狐尾藻为最优组合,得分为0.74,属于“良”级。湿地植物评价需更加详细并符合当地环境条件的评价指标。     

Biodiversity and invasibility: Distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal

Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in many regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aims to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low native diversity' vs. ‘high native diversity', is supported by the regional distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal. This study is based on data retrieved from published literatures and herbarium specimens. The relationship between invasive plant species distribution patterns and that of native plant species is elucidated by scatter plots, as well as by generalized linear models. The native plant species and invasive plant species have similar distribution patterns and the maximum number of invasive plant species is found in the same altitudinal range where the highest richness for native tree species is found. There is a clear trend of higher invasive plant richness in regions where native tree species richness is relatively high.Consequently, the native plant richness is highest in the central phytogeographic region, followed by the eastern and the western regions, respectively. The invasive plant species also follows a similar trend.Additionally, the invasive plant species richness was positively correlated with anthropogenic factors such as human population density and the number of visiting tourists. This study supports the hypothesis that ‘high native diversity' supports or facilitates invasive plant species. Further, it indicates that nativeand invasive plant species may require similar natural conditions, but that the invasive plant species seem more dependent and influenced by anthropogenic disturbance factors.     

Uptake and recovery of soil nitrogen by bryophytes and vascular plants in an alpine meadow

Due to their particular physiology and life history traits, bryophytes are critical in regulating biogeochemical cycles and functions in alpine ecosystem. Hence, it is crucial to investigate their nutrient utilization strategies in comparison with vascular plants and understand their responses to the variation of growing season caused by climate change. Firstly, this study testified whether or not bryophytes can absorb nitrogen(N) directly from soil through spiking three chemical forms of 15N stable isotope tracer. Secondly, with stronger ability of carbohydrates assimilation and photosynthesis, it is supposed that N utilization efficiency of vascular plants is significantly higher than that of bryophytes. However, the recovery of soil N by bryophytes can still compete with vascular plants due to their greater phytomass. Thirdly, resource acquisition may be varied from the change of growing season, during which N pulse can be manipulated with 15N tracer addition at different time. Both of bryophytes and vascular plants contain more N in a longer growing season, and prefer inorganic over organic N. Bryophytes assimilate more NH4+ than NO3– and amino acid, which can be indicated from the greater shoot excess 15N of bryophytes. However, vascular plants prefer to absorb NO3– for their developed root systems and vascular tissue. Concerning the uptake of three forms N by bryophytes, there is significant difference between two manipulated lengths of growing season. Furthermore, the capacity of bryophytes to tolerate N-pollution may be lower than currently appreciated, which indicates the effect of climate change on asynchronous variation of soil N pools with plant requirements.     

《干旱区地理》征稿简则

正《干旱区地理》1978年创刊,是中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所、中国地理学会主办的综合性学术期刊,由科学出版社出版。国内外公开发行。具体包括:自然地理、全球变化及大气科学、水文与水资源、生物与土壤学研究、环境变化、生态及其生态系统建设、地理信息系统与遥感技术的应用、动植物生态学与动植物地理学、区域地理与可持续发展、灾害与防治、资源开发与利用、干旱区与大气圈、水圈、生物圈、岩石圈和人类活动之间的相互作用等方面。     

孑遗植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)异地保护条件下的气候生物学特征与光合效率

为了廓清异地保护条件下孑遗濒危植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)的气候生物学特征、光合生理生态适应性及生境适宜性,应用1971—2011年的地面气象资料进行了不同试验区的气候生物图解与分析,测定了四合木及其伴生种白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)的叶片气体交换参数及光合效率。结果表明:①四合木自然分布区(内蒙古乌海地区)与异地保护区的气候生物学特征存在明显分异;②当年种植的四合木实生苗的生长量大小依次为:乌海四合木核心区实生苗鄂尔多斯实生苗阿拉善实生苗;③自然条件下,5个处理的净光合速率(Pn)依次为阿拉善移植的四合木成株(24.05±1.68μmol·m-2·s-1)乌海客土栽培的四合木(19.97±1.05μmol·m-2·s-1)乌海栽培的四合木实生苗(18.96±1.04μmol·m-2·s-1)鄂尔多斯栽培的四合木实生苗(16.64±0.92μmol·m-2·s-1)阿拉善栽培的四合木实生苗(16.48±0.13μmol·m-2·s-1);异地保护试验区栽培的四合木实生苗的Pn没有明显差异(p≥0.05),即原生境条件下栽培的四合木实生苗的Pn较高。同时,异地保护栽培四合木实生苗中,鄂尔多斯栽培的四合木实生苗的Pn阿拉善栽培的四合木实生苗。从四合木光合作用特征中的Pn、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度、气候生物学特征和生长量等综合研究结果可以推断,从原生境区东移的实生苗迁地保护,使四合木具有更高的生理生态适宜性和环境适应性。     

《干旱区地理》征稿简则

正《干旱区地理》1978年创刊,是中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所、中国地理学会主办的综合性学术期刊,由科学出版社出版。国内外公开发行。具体包括:自然地理、全球变化及大气科学、水文与水资源、生物与土壤学研究、环境变化、生态及其生态系统建设、地理信息系统与遥感技术的应用、动植物生态学与动植物地理学、区域地理与可持续发展、灾