新疆乌兰乌苏物候变化规律及其对气候变化的响应

分析新疆乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站1980—2002年物候与相应气候因子资料,得出乌兰乌苏23a来气温增高,降水增多,气候增暖增湿;候鸟停留时间增长,与积温、日照时数和降水量的年变化趋势一致,除降水外,其他均存在显著正相关关系;木本植物生育期延长,与4—10月平均气温、平均相对湿度、总日照时数和总降水量趋势一致;初霜和终霜均推迟,无霜期缩短;初雪和初次积雪提前,终雪推迟,冬季雪日增长;积雪开始融化提前,完全融化推迟,融化时间增长;土壤表面开始解冻日期趋势提前,而土壤表面开始冻结日期趋势推迟。另外,通过物候与气象因子建立的最优回归方程,获得物候对气候响应的定量关系,为生态环境研究提供一定的理论依据。     

百色市楝树物候期与气象条件分析

通过对连续16a同株楝树物候期资料统计,结合历年各物候期气象条件进行综合分析,探讨百色气候条件下楝树物候期规律。     

棚室内蔬菜病虫害及其防治的几个农业气象问题

塑料棚、薄膜温室(以下简称棚室)蔬菜栽培是在人工设施环境下进行的,这种环境与露天栽培有着根本区别。棚室栽培有利于蔬菜的周年生产和全年的均衡供应,但其环境条件容易引起病虫害的发生流行导致棚室内蔬菜病虫害种类显著增加,为害程度也明显加重,并为露地蔬菜提供了菌源和虫源。     

锦州地区1997年春季苹果树冻害调查与成因分析

1997年初春,锦州地区出现了异常的降温天气,对刚刚解除休眠的苹果树造成严重的危害,冻害发生普遍。本市处于辽宁大苹果栽培区域的北部,各苹果品种在气温降至零下4．1℃的情况下,均受到不同程度的冻害。为了分析这次冻害的特点和成因,做了这方面的调查工作,以便为今后苹果树的冻害防御工作提供依据。     

木棉树物候期的农业气候意义

通过对木棉树物候观测资料的分析,得出主要物候期的指示温度,以此分析其对应的农业气候意义     

GEE平台下结合滤波算法和植被物候特征的互花米草遥感提取最优时间窗口确定

互花米草的快速入侵严重影响湿地生态系统平衡。因此，精确监测互花米草扩张的时空动态变化过程具有重要意义。尽管现有基于植被物候特征的互花米草遥感提取方法，避免了光谱特征相似性引起的分类误差，但受到云和潮汐的严重影响，难以获取大尺度湿地植被提取特征信息。本文提出一种结合最大值合成法和Savitzky-Golay(S-G)滤波算法提取互花米草关键物候特征，减弱大尺度云和潮汐对时序遥感信号特征的影响，精准重构符合植被生长趋势的NDVI时间序列数据。通过获取关键物候特征，确定互花米草提取的最优时间窗口，基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台精准获取互花米草空间分布状况并分析典型地区的互花米草空间分布特征。研究结果显示，生长季初期（6—7月）为互花米草提取的最优时间窗口，该时期总体分类精度为89.81%,Kappa系数为0.88，相比其他时期的总体分类精度提高10.09%,Kappa系数提高0.11。互花米草提取结果表明，2020年福建省互花米草入侵面积总计100.78 km2，主要分布在宁德、福州、泉州以及漳州等地。其中，宁德市互花米草分布面积最广，共计38.08 km2，占全省...     

Variations in spring leaf phenology and leaf freezing damage of common woody species in China北大核心CSCD

Freezing damage results in the dehydration of plant cells and reduces the photosynthetic capacity of plants, which causes significant losses to ecology and economy. Over the past 40 years, global warming has reduced the frequency and intensity of frost events while bringing forward the spring phenology of plants, increasing the exposure of their leaves and flowers to harsh cold temperatures. Therefore, the dual effects of climate warming should be considered in order to accurately assess the changes of plant freezing damage. To date, there is no systematic analysis of plant freezing damage in different climatic regions of China. Based on phenological observation records from the China Phenological Observation Network, leaf frost damage of four common woody plants (Ulmus pumila, Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix babylonica, Fraxinus chinensis) in the spring over the past 40 years was calculated, and the spatio-temporal patterns were analyzed. We also investigated the change in the occurrence time of maximum frost damage (TMFD) and its relationship with plant phenology. The results show that: 1) Most species presented an overall trend towards an earlier leaf unfolding date, and the advancing trend was significant and greater than 1 d/a in about 60% of the regions (P<0.05). 2) The TMFD occurred earlier in 72.22%-83.03% of the regions, which was closely related to plants' earlier leaf unfolding date. The TMFD of all species advanced the most (8.3 days) in the temperate climate zone, followed by the warm temperate, subtropical, plateau, and cold temperate zones. 3) The leaves of U. pumila, R. pseudoacacia and S. babylonica suffered more freezing damage in the spring, and the most significant freezing damage was mainly found in the north of 50°N region and part of the west of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In comparison, the leaves of F. chinensis suffered less frost damage due to later leaf unfolding date and stronger leaf frost resistance. With regard to interannual variations, the average freezing damage of U. pumila, R. pseudoacacia and S. babylonica increased significantly (P<0.05), but that of F. chinensis did not change obviously. In addition, the freezing damage of U. pumila and S. babylonica increased the most in the cold temperate zone, while that of R. pseudoacacia increased in about 10% of the regions in the plateau climate zone, and 3%-6% of the regions in the cold temperate, temperate, and warm temperate climate zones. The freezing damage of F. chinensis merely increased in the warm temperate zone. The results of this study can provide a reference for assessing the risk of plant freezing damage accurately and help develop regional-specific response and adaptation strategies to climate change. © 2023, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.     

沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)植物物候对长期气温变化的响应

由新疆维吾尔自治区气象信息中心提供的1977—2006年吐鲁番气象资料统计得知:近29年气候有变暖趋势,线性变暖速率为每10年0.72℃,29年来吐鲁番地区年平均气温共上升2.06℃。结合吐鲁番沙漠植物园沙拐枣属植物的物候观测积累资料,分析了4个组的芽膨胀、开始展叶、同化枝开始变色、同化枝初落的时间变化趋势及其与温度变化的响应关系。结果表明:(1)1977年以来,沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)植物刺果组(Sect.Medusa Sosk.et Alexandr)物候期最晚;同化枝开始变色为泡果组(Sect.Calliphysa(Fisch.et Mey.)Borszcz)晚于翅果组;其他3种物候期中,泡果组物候期最早,基翅组(Sect.Calligonum)和翅果组(Sect.Pterococcus(Pall.)Borszcz)均居中。4个组的芽膨胀和开始展叶时间大部分呈提前趋势,同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落时间呈推后趋势。(2)4个组的芽膨胀与年平均气温、春季气温呈显著负相关(p0.05)。年平均气温每升高1℃,泡果组、刺果组、基翅组、翅果组的芽膨胀时间分别提前4.5d、4.3d、4.1d、8.3d;同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落时间变化不明显。芽膨胀对温度变化的响应程度显著大于同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落。     

龙须菜RSAP分析及其SCAR标记的转化

初步探讨限制性位点扩增多态性(Restriction site amplified polymorphism,RSAP)分子标记技术在龙须菜遗传多样性检测和种质鉴定上的应用。利用所优化的适合于龙须菜RSAP分析的PCR反应体系,对青岛湛山湾野生群体和栽培品系981、07-2进行遗传多样性分析和比较。试验采用15对引物组合在3个群体14个龙须菜个体中共扩增出669个位点,其中多态位点数为146个,多态性比例22%,平均每对引物产生10条多态性条带,片段大小在100~1 000 bp之间。湛山湾野生群体的Na(1.007 5)、Ne(1.007 1)、H(0.003 6)、I(0.005 1)与栽培品系981的Na(1.003 0)、Ne(1.002 1)、H(0.001 2)、I(0.001 8),以及栽培品系07-2的Na(1.009 0)、Ne(1.006 3)、H(0.003 7)、I(0.005 4)相比较可知3个群体的遗传多样性是有差异的。种群间的遗传多样性分析表明,在所有检测的样品中,遗传多样性多来自不同群体间的多样性。群体遗传结构分析表明,2个栽培品系981、07-2间遗传距离不大,但栽培品系与湛山湾野生群体间的遗传距离相对较大,而UPGMA聚类分析也明显的将湛山湾野生群体与栽培品系981、07-2区分开来,表明野生群体与栽培品系间已产生一定的遗传隔离。通过分析湛山湾野生群体及栽培品系981、07-2的RSAP指纹图谱,从中筛选栽培品系981的特异条带,并将其转化为稳定性好、特异性高的序列特征化扩增区(Sequence characterized amplified regions,SCAR)分子标记。