多层海洋背景下的位涡均一化理论研究

位涡均一化理论是现代温跃层理论的基石,是引起层化而又弱耗散的大洋次表层产生运动的重要途径之一。本文通过对位涡均一化理论的基本构造方程扩充求解,将构造理论扩充到四层大洋模式、n层大洋模式中。结果表明,在四层大洋模式中,第二层及第三层都会出现位涡均一化的区域,并且其位涡恒定值相等,皆向沿流涡北边界处的值均一化,第三层位涡均一化区域的面积小于第二层位涡均一化区域的面积。在n层模式中,除表层和底层外的n-2层皆有位涡值均一的区域,所有发生位涡均一化的层均一化区域内的位涡恒定值皆等于流涡北边界处的位涡值,且随着深度的增加,发生位涡均一化的区域面积逐渐减小,均一化区域圆心发生极向运动。整个位涡均一化区域呈现出南缓北陡,东西对称的碗状结构。     

全海洋浅地层剖面仪及其应用

全海洋浅地层剖面仪(Topographic Parametric Sonar,TOPAS)PS 018系统是目前世界上最先进的浅地层剖面仪之一。该系统是全海洋宽带非线性差频浅地层剖面仪,可对海底地层进行全方位测量,同时还兼有测量水深的功能,最大地层穿透深度为150 m,最小分辨率为0.3 m。系统多种发射信号(Ricker波、Burst波和Chirp波)的选取方便了操作者使用,从理论上实现了全海洋测量功能。从实测剖面分析,该系统是中、深水地层测量的理想测量系统。     

空–地二层介质中极低频电场特性研究

极低频电磁波在海洋资源勘探、海洋污染源实时监控、自然灾害预测、海上辅助导航、国防监测等方面有广泛的应用,对其进行研究具有重大的意义。介绍了开展的陆上极低频电场特性试验,理论分析与试验结果相结合,验证了水平电偶极子产生电场强度的传播衰减规律。试验结果表明：收发距0～10 km时,信号响应强度快速衰减;10～25.4 km时,信号强度衰减由快速变为缓慢;超过25.4 km后信号响应趋于平缓。为了证明电磁波传播时地下信道的存在,进行了波速测量。试验结果表明：陆上1 Hz透地电磁波的波速约为55 km/s,对应电导率σ=0.003 3 S/m,证明了地下信道的存在。     

Ocean color products retrieval and validation around China coast with MODIS

Waters along China coast are very turbid with high concentrations of suspended sediment nearly all the time,especially at the Hangzhou Bay,the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary and the shoal along Jiangsu Province.In these turbid and optically complex waters,the standard MODIS ocean color products tend to have invalid values.Because the water-leaving radiances in the near-infrared (NIR) are significant resulting from the strong scattering of suspended particles,the standard MODIS atmospheric correction algorithm often gets no results or produces significant errors.And because of the complex water optical properties,the OC3 model used in the standard MODIS data processing tends to get extremely high chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations.In this paper,we present an atmospheric correction approach using MODIS short wave infrared (SWIR) bands based on the fact that water-leaving radiances are negligible in the SWIR region because of the extreme strong absorption of water even in turbid waters.A regional Chl-a concentration estimation model is also constructed for MODIS from in situ data.These algorithms are applied to MODIS Aqua data processing in the China coastal regions.In situ data collected in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in spring and autumn,2003 are used to validate the performance.Reasonably good results have been obtained.It is noted that water-leaving reflectance in the NIR bands are significant in waters along the China coast with high sediment loadings.The satellite derived and in-situ reflectance spectra can match in the turbid waters along China coast,and there is relatively good linear relationship between satellite derived and in-situ reflectance.The RMSE value of Rrs(λ) is 0.0031 sr ?1 for all the nine ocean color bands (412 to 869 nm).The satellite-derived Chl-a value is in the reasonable range and the root mean square percentage difference is 46.1%.     

Planktonic protist communities in semi-enclosed mariculture waters: temporal dynamics of functional groups and their responses to environmental conditions

The functional groups of planktonic protist communities and their responses to the changes of environmental conditions were investigated in a semi-enclosed shrimp-farming pond in Qingdao,Shandong Province,China,during a six-month study period (a complete shrimp-culture cycle) from May to October 2002.The results reveal that: (1) the protist communities represented five trophic and functional groups of the species identified,about 60% were photoautotrophs,20% algivores,12% bacterivores,5% raptors and about 3% non-selectives;(2) the photoautotrophs,algivores and bacterivores were the primary contributors to the changes in the protist communities in short temporal scales,the succession of dominance typically being bacterivores→photoautotrophs→algivores,with the raptors dominating the protist communities in a single sample (early June);(3) the photoautotrophs and non-selectives were the primary contributors to the peak of protist abundance in early October whereas the photoautotrophs,bacterivores,raptors and non-selectives mainly gave rise to two bimodal peaks of biomass in July and October respectively;(4) five functional groups of protist communities represented significant correlations with water nutrients (i.e.,NH 3-N,NO 3-N,and PO 4 ),either alone or in combination with temperature,of which algivores and raptors were strongly correlated with phosphate and the concentration of Chl a,while bacterivores were strongly related to nitrogen and the concentration of bacteria.These findings confirm that planktonic protists are potentially useful bioindicators of water quality in the semi-enclosed mariculture system.     

对虾白斑综合症病毒极早期基因启动子筛选文库的构建

对虾白斑综合症病毒（white spot syndrome virus,WSSV）是危害对虾养殖业的主要病原,而WSSV极早期基因对病毒功能基因的转录翻译和调控起着至关重要的作用.本研究将WSSV基因组以超声法随机断裂至400～900bp DNA片段,并插入启动子缺失且多克隆位点下游具有报告基因的载体来构建文库,转染昆虫细胞Hi5.倒置荧光显微镜观察发现部分转染后的细胞有增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）的表达,表明这部分细胞中的DNA片段可能具有极早期启动子活性.流式细胞仪分析显示,这部分荧光细胞占总细胞的比例为0.35%.由于转染效率为50%,可认为占比0.7%的WSSV基因组随机片段能在Hi5细胞中激发下游报告基因的转录翻译,可能具有极早期基因启动子活性.这对于进一步筛选和鉴定WSSV极早期基因及开展极早期启动子研究具有重要的意义.     

春季珠江口水域鱼卵和仔稚鱼的分布及其与环境因子的关系

根据2004~2007年春季珠江口水域10个站位的鱼卵和仔稚鱼调查资料,着重就鱼卵和仔稚鱼的数量分布和年际变化及其与环境因子的相关关系进行研究.结果表明：其鱼卵和仔稚鱼隶属于9目33科58种（类）,以鲈形目种类数所占比例最高（为53.4%）,其次为鲱形目（为20.7%）.鱼卵和仔稚鱼大致分成半咸水性、近岸性和近海性3个生态类群.鱼卵和仔稚鱼优势种类共9种,其中鱼卵优势种为6种,仔稚鱼的也为6种.青洲附近水域是春季鱼卵和仔稚鱼的最主要分布区域之一.鱼卵和仔稚鱼数量的年际变化明显,鱼卵和仔稚鱼个体数量的最大值均出现在2006年.水温、pH值和溶解氧含量是影响鱼卵个体数量的较显著因子,盐度和溶解氧含量为影响仔稚鱼个体数量的较显著因子.盐度、pH值及溶解氧、悬浮物、叶绿素a含量对鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类数均有不同程度的影响.     

Variability of surface velocity in the Kuroshio Current and adjacent waters derived from Argos drifter buoys and satellite altimeter data

By combining Argos drifter buoys and TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data, the time series of sea-surface velocity fields in the Kuroshio Current (KC) and adjacent regions are established. And the variability of the KC from the Luzon Strait to the Tokara Strait is studied based on the velocity fields. The results show that the dominant variability period varies in different segments of the KC: The primary period near the Luzon Strait and to the east of Taiwan Island is the intra-seasonal time scale; the KC on the continental shelf of the ECS is the steadiest segment without obvious periodicity, while the Tokara Strait shows the period of seasonal variability. The diverse periods are caused by the Rossby waves propagating from the interior ocean, with adjustments in topography of island chain and local wind stress. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Nos. 2007CB411804, 2005CB422303), the NSFC (No. 40706006), the Key Project of International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (No. 2006DFB21250) and the “111 Project” (B07036), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NECT-07-0781)     

粤西福建纹胸鮡的食性及繁殖力

对2007年取自粤西水域的福建纹胸鮡进行生物学研究。结果显示:粤西福建纹胸鮡食性是以动物性食物为主;雌雄性比为1.16∶1;性腺成熟系数雌性为0.263%～19.048%,雄性为0.101%～3.226%;福建纹胸鮡个体绝对怀卵量在45～420粒之间,平均140.9±74.7粒;相对怀卵量在31.7～130.4粒/g之间,平均64.3±21.1粒/g;绝对怀卵量与体长呈幂相关:y=0.0008 x7.7308,R2=0.855 2;绝对怀卵量与体重呈指数相关:y=14.439 e0.838 2 x,R2=0.878 3。     

Three-dimensional structure of a low salinity tongue in the southern Taiwan Strait observed in the summer of 2005

Cruise observations with CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) profiler were carried out in the southern Taiwan Strait in the summer of 2005. Using the cruise data, two-dimensional maps of salinity and temperature distributions at depths of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 m were generated. The maps show a low salinity tongue sandwiched by low temperature and high salinity waters on the shallow water side and high temperature and high salinity waters on the deep water side. The further analysis indicates that the low salinity water has a nature of river-diluted water. A possible source of the diluted water is the Zhujiang (Pearl) Estuary. Meanwhile, the summer monsoon is judged as a possible driving force for this northeastward jet-like current. The coastal upwelling and the South China Sea Warm Current confine the low salinity water to flow along the central line of the strait. Previous investigations and a numerical model are used to verify that the upstream of the low salinity current is the Zhujiang Estuary. Thus, the low salinity tongue is produced by four major elements:Zhujinag Estuary diluted water, monsoon wind driving, coastal upwelling and South China Sea Warm Current modifications.