条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)雌核发育的人工诱导与鉴定

条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)是我国重要的经济鱼类,具有复性染色体性别决定型(X₁X₁X₂X₂/X₁X₂Y)。利用紫外线(UV)灭活的同源精子通过冷休克方法诱导了条石鲷的雌核发育,筛选精子紫外灭活剂量并优化冷休克相关参数。结果表明:条石鲷精子最适的灭活剂量为80 mJ/cm2雌核发育的最适条件为授精后2 min在3～4°C水温下处理10 min。条石鲷雌核发育子代经形态学和流式细胞仪鉴定为二倍体,进一步利用微卫星分析表明雌核发育后代的等位基因完全来自于母本没有父本基因参与。对子代的性比和生长进行了比较,结果表明条石鲷雌核发育后代均为雌性,15月龄后雌核发育后代比普通条石鲷具有更快的生长速度。研究结果为条石鲷单性苗种的培育及其性别决定机制的深入研究提供基础。     

RAPD分析中最适样本量和位点数的研究

用25个引物,对40个样本扩增,研究了勒氏笛鲷随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析中的最适样本量和位点数。结果显示:在样本量达到20且位点数达到70个以上时,遗传距离趋于一个稳定的数值,即在RAPD分析中,样本数应达到20且位点数应达到70才能保证结果的可靠性。     

寄生大眼鲷类的大眼鲷匹里虫 Pleistophora priacanthusis（Hua1981），Hua＆Dong1983的光镜和电镜观察＊

前曾报道(Hua 1981，Hua ＆Dong 1983)大眼鲷匹里虫以孢囊型寄生于长尾大眼鲷和短尾大眼鲷的胃、幽门垂、肠道、肠系膜、性腺、肝、脾、腹壁肌肉等部位，孢子有大、中、小三种形态。     

Using otolith weight to predict the age of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pennahia macrocephalus</Emphasis> in the mouth of the Beibu Gulf

The relation between otolith weight (OW) and the age of marine fish is studied. A total of 222 individuals of bighead white croaker, Pennahia macrocephalus were sampled seasonally in the mouth of the Beibu Gulf, the South China Sea, in 2007. Since there are no significant differences in sagittal OW between otolith in pairs (P≥0.05), the undamaged left sagittal otolith is used for age determination. The highest correlations among standard length, OW and fish ages are confirmed by linear, exponential and multinomial regression. Results show that sagittal OW overlaps only occasionally among age groups, and to individuals with similar standard length, the older and slower-growing fish has a heavier otolith because of the continued otolith material deposition. There are differences in sagittal OW among different age groups and significant positive linear relationship with age (P<0.05). The age readings can be verified by plotting the sagittal OW versus the standard length for age groups, and the individuals with similar standard length but in different ages can be separated by sagittal OW frequency analysis. Mostly, the predicted ages using the regression between sagittal OW and ages are closed to the observed ages by counting annulus on scale. It indicates that the sagittal OW analysis is a useful technique for validating the accuracy of age determination by annuli counts, especially for individuals of similar size. Furthermore, the technique is applied for Pennahia macrocephalus with discussion in this paper. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771653) and Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture     

Karyotype analysis of four nemertean species

We performed a karyotype analysis on four species from Phylum Nemertea using regenerating somatic cells. Two palaeonemertean species, Cephalothrix hongkongiensis and Cephalothrix sp., had the same chromosome number (2n=28), but different karyotypes (16 m+10 sm+2 st, NF=54 and 22 m+4 sm+2 st, NF=54, respectively). The karyotypes of the two heteronemerteans, Notospermus geniculatus and Ramphogordius sanguineus were 2n=38, 30 m+6 sm+2 sm/st (NF=76/74) and 2n=56, 48 m+4 sm+4 sm/st (NF=112/108), respectively.     

穿体标志对黄鳍鲷幼鱼的生长、存活及脱标的影响

研究了不同幼鱼规格、标志部位和消毒处理对黄鳍鲷存活的影响,探讨了不同标志部位幼鱼的脱标情况。结果显示,不同规格、标志部位和消毒处理对黄鳍鲷幼鱼的存活无显著差异;但标志后进行1次消毒处理可使黄鳍鲷的存活稳定期提早一天出现。标志部位对黄鳍鲷幼鱼的存活有显著影响,以背鳍棘基部肌肉标志的存活率为最高,达87.0%;背鳍棘膜标志的存活率其次,为75.2%;而背鳍条基部肌肉标志的存活率最低,仅68.0%;死亡高峰均出现在标志后前3 d。幼鱼规格对脱标无影响,但标志部位对脱标影响显著。在肌肉做标志均未脱标,而在鳍棘膜做标志的全部脱标。表明黄鳍鲷幼鱼可在背鳍棘基部肌肉进行穿体标志,暂养4 d后进行放流。     

二长棘鲷和黄鳍鲷骨骼系统的比较

对二长棘鲷和黄鳍鲷的骨骼系统进行了比较研究。结果表明,二长棘鲷脑颅中的上筛骨、侧筛骨、额骨、眶下骨、蝶耳骨、上枕骨,咽颅中的前上额骨、腭骨、舌额骨、齿骨、鳃盖骨、尾舌骨、咽鳃骨等与黄鳍鲷相应部分的骨骼有明显差异,某些特征可作属间或种间的鉴别依据。     

条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)发育早期的脂肪酸组成变化研究

采用GC/MS法分析了条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)的未受精卵、胚胎、仔鱼、稚鱼及幼鱼各阶段的脂肪酸组成特点及含量变动,旨在研究条石鲷发育早期脂肪酸的组成和变化规律。共检测到28种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)13种,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)7种,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)8种。结果表明:(1)鱼卵中主要脂肪酸依次为C16:0、C22:6(n-3)(DHA)、C20:5(n-3)(EPA)和C18:1(n-9)(油酸);(2)胚胎及内源性营养阶段,主要利用C16:0、C18:0以及C18:1作为能量来源,EPA和DHA被优先保存下来;(3)摄食轮虫和桡足类AA、EPA、DHA含量显著提高,摄食卤虫则C18:1(n-9)、C18:2(n-6)及C18:3(n-3)含量迅速增加;(4)在稚鱼期必需脂肪酸AA、DHA含量不足,而EPA过高,可能引起细胞膜磷脂中DHA与EPA比例失衡,出现稚鱼"死亡高峰"。     

南海区4种鲷鱼精子的适盐性比较

研究了盐度对黄鳍鲷SparuslatusHouttuyn、平鲷Rhabdosargussarba（Forskal）、黑鲷Sparusmacrocephalus（Basilewsky）和真鲷Pagrsomusmajor（TemmincketSchlegel）4种鲷鱼精子活力的影响。对南海区4种鲷鱼精子的适盐性及其活力进行了比较,黄鳍鲷、平鲷、黑鲷和真鲷精子激活所需的最低盐度分别为8、10、＞8、＞10;激活的最适盐度则分别为21、22、25、25,与之相应的精子活动（涡动）时间分别为14．7、17．7、17．2、18．0min;在高盐条件（盐度40左右）下,黄鳍鲷精子的适应性最强,精子活力最好,其次是黑鲷、真鲷的精子,平鲷精子对高盐条件的适应性最差。