Delineating suspended sediment concentration patterns in surface waters of the Changjiang Estuary by remote sensing analysis

Three Landsat TM imageries (taken on 18 May 1987, 4 August 1998 and 28 July 2007) were used as the data source to identify the spatial and temporal variations of the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in surface waters of the Changjiang Estuary. Atmospheric correction was carried out to determine the water-leaving reflectance using the FLAASH module. A regression equation between surveyed SSC and suspended sediment index was chosen to retrieve the SSC from the Landsat TM images. In addition, tidal harmonic analysis was performed to calculate tidal conditions corresponding to the acquisition time of satellite images. The results show that the SSC spatial patterns are similar to the in situ observation results, which show the highest SSC in the region of turbidity maximum zone in the Changjiang Estuary. For the period of 1987 to 2007, the SSC pattern is controlled mainly by tidal dynamic conditions and wind speeds, rather than sediment discharges from the river.     

应用光合色素标记物研究2001年2～6月厦门西海域浮游植物群落结构

利用反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）对厦门西海域2001年2～6月的浮游植物色素进行了测定,并首次运用CHEMTAX软件对该海域进行了浮游植物群落组成的分析,同时分析了环境因子对群落组成的作用.我们首先改进了RP-HPLC分离方案,分离的时间缩短了近1/3,达到了提高分离效率的目的.利用改进后的RP-HPLC方案进行色素分析显示,厦门西海域2001年2～6月期间,主要的特征色素是岩藻黄素（fucoxanthin）、19’-丁酰基氧化岩藻黄素（19’-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin）、19’-己酰基氧化岩藻黄素（19’-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin）和多甲藻素（peridinin）,月平均含量分别在267.824～655.076、20.118～126.764、65.693～214.115、26.955～203.927μg/m3的范围变动.CHEMTAX计算的结果进一步表明：硅藻是主要优势类群,其次是定鞭金藻和甲藻,分别占总生物量的36.14%～79.27%、4.50%～37.40%和4.83%～21.37%.总生物量从2月到6月呈增长趋势,温度是主要的决定因子.硅藻和定鞭金藻所占生物量的份额呈相反趋势变化,表明种间竞争也是重要的因素之一.     

海域油气化探综合评价软件设计与开发

参考石油天然气地球化学勘查技术规范数据处理、异常评价与解释的要求,充分应用地理信息系统(GIS)可视化技术、空间分析功能、图层叠置功能,智能计算出海域油气化探异常系数,包括异常强度、异常面积、异常衬度、异常点数等指标。结合相关地质条件,耦合了神经网络、模式识别等数学模型,开发了具有自主知识产权的海域油气化探综合评价软件,并将该软件应用于实际工作中,取得了较好的效果。     

浙江省近岸海域表层沉积物重金属分布特征及地球化学分区

对浙江省近岸海域305个表层沉积物中7种重金属的地球化学特征及主要影响因素进行了分析研究,并进行了地球化学分区。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物中7种重金属(As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn)基本上具有相同或相似的分布规律,高值区主要分布在椒江口、乐清湾、温州湾及瑞安—苍南沿海;杭州湾为低值集中分布区;象山港,璇门湾出现部分低值。其中,As、Cd、Hg和Pb在所有站位均未超标;Cr有218个站位超国家一类标准,占全区的71.5%,2个站位超国家二类标准,占全区的0.7%;Cu有90个站位超国家一类标准,占全区的29.5%;Zn有2个站位超国家一类标准;水动力条件、沉积物物质来源和沉积物类型是影响沉积物重金属含量分布的主要因素;通过R型因子分析法,将整个研究区划分为3个地球化学子区,Ⅰ区为As、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn元素组合类,Ⅱ区为Hg类,Ⅲ区为Cd类。     

Detection of the Kuroshio frontal instable processes (KFIP) in the East China Sea using the MODIS images

The Kuroshio frontal instable processes (KFIP) in the East China Sea (ECS) not only have a great impact on the hydrologic characteristics,the pollutants drift,the distribution of seafloor sediment and the ships navigation of the ECS,but also are closely related to the climate changes of the coastal areas of the ECS.However the frequency and area of occurrence of the KFIP have not been studied fully and detailedly.Because of its high spatial and temporal resolution,MODIS data is a kind of very good data source for surveying and researching the KFIP in the ECS.The aim of this study is to detect the KFIP in the ECS by using MODIS data,and to study the frequency and region of occurrence of the KFIP in the ECS.The selection has coverage of level 2 data of MODIS SST and Kd490 ranging from July 1,2002 to June 30,2009 of the ECS when there was no cloud impact or little.By using of the data,the minimum standard of the Kuroshio temperature fronts and the diffuse attenuation coefficient (Kd490) fronts of the ECS are given.Based on these standards and the curvature distinguish methods,the standard of curvature distinguish for the KFIP in the ECS are put forward.By making use of this standard,we study a total of 2073 satellite-derived images,and discover that as long as there is no cloud impact from January to May and October to December,the KFIP in the ECS are surely found in MODIS satellite images.From June to September,the frequency of occurrence can also reach to 82.9% at least.Moreover,it is obtained that there are three source regions of these instability processes,namely,(26°N,121.5°E) nearby,(27°N,125°E) nearby and (30°N,128°E) nearby.The differences of the characteristics of these instability processes which are generated in different regions are analyzed in the present study.     

亚丁湾海域数值预报与Argo观测温度比较研究

亚丁湾海域是印度洋西部一个重要海洋运输通道,其海水性质变化多样,海水运动复杂,对航海等起着重要作用。利用了海浪-环流耦合模式建立的全球大洋环流预报系统2008年的预报结果,结合实时/准实时的Argo观测资料,针对亚丁湾海域进行了模拟与观测的对比研究。对比分析包括:不同季节代表月份的预报结果与Argo剖面的比较、预报结果与全年Argo观测温度误差的统计分析等。比较表明:该预报结果与Argo观测剖面吻合较好,温度预报在整体上具有较小的误差,在100 m以深的海洋下层有75%的温度误差分布在±1℃范围内,而100m以浅的海洋上层的温度误差在该范围占67%。比较结果也显示预报的上层混合作用仍略偏弱,剖面中的逆温现象没有在预报中反映出来等,其机制有待深入研究,可能受分辨率低的限制。这些结果为将来在该海域建立高分辨率的海洋环流预报系统有一定借鉴意义。     

围填海生态环境效应评价方法研究

分析了围填海对海洋生态系统的影响,构建了包括生物效应、生态系统功能效应和环境效应三方面的围填海生态环境效应评价指标体系,初步提出了各指标评价标准的确定方法;建立了层次分析法与赋值综合评价法相结合的围填海生态环境效应综合评价模型,为客观评价围填海生态环境效应提供科学依据。应用该方法实例评价大连市庄河海域围填海生态环境效应,结果表明该海域围填海造成生态环境效应影响严重,应该严格控制该海域围填海工程。     

广东省海上风电海缆路由廊道研究

为增强对海上风电海缆路由廊道的认识以及促进海上风电项目集约节约用海,文章梳理广东省海上风电路由选划的基本情况,分析统一划定海上风电海缆路由廊道的困境及其原因。研究结果表明：虽然自然资源部门在审批过程中不断呼吁建立海缆路由廊道,并与企业和地方政府等利益相关者基于集约节约用海等原则选划部分海缆路由的登陆点,但海缆路由廊道仍面临选划工作严重滞后于产业发展、利益相关者复杂且众多以及技术工艺存在不确定性等难题,亟须加强与相关部门的协调,将路由廊道规划统一纳入国土空间规划体系,及时总结海上风电和海缆的相关技术并借鉴先进经验,科学合理地划定海上风电海缆路由,进而发挥路由廊道对海上风电产业发展的政策促进和引导作用。     

基于多源遥感数据的大襟岛海域叶绿素a反演及富营养化评价

本研究基于实测的Chl-a质量浓度和海表面光谱数据,构建了适用于CASI(Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager)航空高光谱和MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)卫星遥感影像的Chl-a反演模型,并在研究海域开展了Chl-a质量浓度的反演。研究结果表明,基于CASI影像的波段比值模型可以较好地反演出研究海域的Chl-a质量浓度,研究海域内Chl-a含量为0.1~4.4 μg/L,平均相对误差为14.58%;基于MODIS卫星影像反演获得的珠江口Chl-a质量浓度为0~8 μg/L,平均相对误差为17%。总体而言,大襟岛海域整体Chl-a质量浓度的分布比较均匀,而且含量较低;基于Chl-a质量浓度计算获得卡尔森营养状态指数表明,研究海域处于贫营养化和中营养化水平,复杂水动力环境和高浊度可能是抑制研究海域浮游植物生长的主要因素。     

Variation of Indo-Pacific upper ocean heat content during 2001–2012 revealed by Argo

Understanding of the temporal variation of oceanic heat content(OHC) is of fundamental importance to the prediction of climate change and associated global meteorological phenomena. However, OHC characteristics in the Pacific and Indian oceans are not well understood. Based on in situ ocean temperature and salinity profiles mainly from the Argo program, we estimated the upper layer(0–750 m) OHC in the Indo-Pacific Ocean(40°S–40°N, 30°E–80°W). Spatial and temporal variability of OHC and its likely physical mechanisms are also analyzed. Climatic distributions of upper-layer OHC in the Indian and Pacific oceans have a similar saddle pattern in the subtropics, and the highest OHC value was in the northern Arabian Sea. However, OHC variabilities in the two oceans were different. OHC in the Pacific has an east-west see-saw pattern, which does not appear in the Indian Ocean. In the Indian Ocean, the largest change was around 10°S. The most interesting phenomenon is that, there was a long-term shift of OHC in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during 2001–2012. Such variation coincided with modulation of subsurface temperature/salinity. During 2001–2007, there was subsurface cooling(freshening)nearly the entire upper 400 m layer in the western Pacific and warming(salting) in the eastern Pacific. During2008–2012, the thermocline deepened in the western Pacific but shoaled in the east. In the Indian Ocean, there was only cooling(upper 150 m only) and freshening(almost the entire upper 400 m) during 2001–2007. The thermocline deepened during 2008–2012 in the Indian Ocean. Such change appeared from the equator to off the equator and even to the subtropics(about 20°N/S) in the two oceans. This long-term change of subsurface temperature/salinity may have been caused by change of the wind field over the two oceans during 2001–2012, in turn modifying OHC.