南极普里兹湾柱样有孔虫研究

南极普里兹湾柱样ＮＰ９３２含有较多的有孔虫，其中浮游类占２６．３％，底栖类中砂质胶结类占５７．９％，为该柱的优势类群。底栖有孔虫组合以Ｍｉｌｉａｍｍｉｎａａｒｅｎａｃｅａ为典型代表，显示了深水砂质胶结相的面貌。浮游类群中暖与冷水种群的丰度变化，反映了所在海区气温的变化     

南极普里兹湾邻近海域海冰生消发展特征分析

利用美国冰雪数据中心发布的2003—2008年高分辨率海冰密集度数据,分6个阶段对普里兹湾区域海冰季节性变化的空间分布特征进行了研究,并根据普里兹湾海区的地形和环流对这些特征的成因进行了分析。结果表明,普里兹湾海冰冻结过程和融化过程分别经历7个月和5个月,海冰融化速度最快月份是10月和11月,主要表现形式为海冰密集度的减少;海冰冻结速度4月和6月最快,海冰外缘线向北扩展。由于普里兹湾近岸达恩利角冰间湖、普里兹湾冰间湖和Barrier湾冰间湖的存在,海冰的融化呈现大洋区由北向南、近岸区由南向北的双向融化特征;而在普里兹湾口、弗拉姆浅滩和四女士浅滩均存在不易融化的冰舌,两者之间的低密集度海冰区,则对应于暖水侵入普里兹湾的通道。南极绕极流在流经凯尔盖朗海台中部时向北偏转,造成此处在盛冰期较其它经度的海冰外缘更靠北,可达57°S。南极辐散带的表层流场和上升暖流抑制海冰冻结和聚集,形成了低海冰密集度区域。     

普里兹湾海冰季节性变化的高分辨率数值模拟

普里兹湾海冰以一年冰为主,海冰覆盖存在较大的季节性变化.海冰的分布及其季节性变化主要受当地大气环流及海流的影响.基于一个海洋-海冰耦和模式,模拟研究了该海区海冰的季节性变化特征.海洋模式基于MIT环流模式(MITgcm),海冰动力学模式参考Hibler类型的VP模型,热力学过程取自Winton三层模型.模式区域覆盖整个...     

南极普里兹湾表层沉积物有机地球化学特征及其生态环境意义

用气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱分析法分析了南极普里兹湾5个站位表层沉积物中多种生物标志物,探讨了其生态环境指示意义。结果显示:(1)湾内中心区总类脂物含量最高(1 193μg·g-1),埃默里冰架区次之(572μg·g-1),陆坡区最低(341μg·g-1),且与沉积有机碳、总糖、生物硅、菜籽甾醇、表层海水叶绿素a等参数显著正相关(p0.1),表明底层有机质与上层水体浮游植物密切相关;(2)C27甾烷含量与C28甾烷显著负相关(p0.01),指示着晶磷虾与硅藻的食物链关系;(3)相对较高的饱和烃/芳烃比值(2.5)、较低的Pr/C17(0.5)和Pr/Ph(2)证明沉积有机质主要来源于硅藻等浮游植物,同时饱和烃双峰群(C17或C18和C29)的存在及较高含量的C29甾烷(35.79%)指示外域有机质输入,且湾中心区的(CPI=1.60,Pr/Ph=0.69)要高于陆坡区和冰架区(CPI=1.01,Pr/Ph=0.39);(4)湾内中心区和冰架区脂肪酸C18:2/C18:0平均比值(0.78)要高于陆坡区(0.23)和低纬度地区(0.1),表明南极夏季普里兹湾陆坡区的表层海水温度要高于湾中心区和冰架区。     

Archaeal diversity and abundance within different layers of summer sea-ice and seawater from Prydz Bay,Antarctica

Fluorescence in-situ hybridization （FISH） and 16S rRNA gene clone library analyses were used to determine the abundance and diversity of archaea in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. Correlation analysis was also performed to assess links between physicochemical parameters and archaeal abundance and diversity within the sea-ice. Samples of sea-ice and seawater were collected during the 26th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. The results of FISH showed that archaea were relatively abundant within the top layer of the sea-ice, and correlation analysis suggested that the concentration of 4NH＋ might be one of the main factors underlying this distribution pattern. However, using 16S rRNA gene libraries, archaea were not detected in the top and middle layers of the sea-ice. All archaeal clones obtained from the bottom layer of the sea-ice were grouped into the Marine Group I Crenarchaeota while the archaeal clones from seawater were assigned to Marine Group I Crenarchaeota, Marine Group II Euryarchaeota, and Marine Group III Euryarchaeota. Overall, the ifndings of this study showed that the diversity of archaea in the sea-ice in Prydz Bay was low.     

南极普利兹湾夏季不同层次海冰及冰下海水古菌丰度和多样性

为了解南极普里兹湾夏季不同层次海冰及冰下海水中古菌丰度及群落组成,利用荧光原位杂交(filter in situ hybridization, FISH)技术对海冰及海水样品中古菌进行定量研究,通过构建16S rRNA基因文库对不同层次海冰及冰下海水中古菌进行多样性分析,并结合环境因子进行相关性分析。荧光原位杂交结果表明,古菌的平均丰度随着海冰层次的下降呈下降趋势,初步推断可能受海冰中铵离子影响所致;16S rRNA基因文库分析结果表明,仅在海冰底部样品中检测到古菌,且全部16S rRNA基因序列为泉古菌（Crenarchaeota）,与来源于北极海水、海冰中古菌16S rRNA基因序列相似性最高,属于泉古菌海洋类群I（Marine Group I Crenarchaeota）;冰下海水古菌多样性较高,主要归属于泉古菌Marine Group I和广古菌（Euryarchaeote）Marine Group II 、III。     

Multiple processes affecting surface seawater N20 satura- tion anomalies in tropical oceans and Prydz Bay, Antarc- tica

Abstract We analyzed the N20 content of surface seawater sampled from Prydz Bay, Antarctica, on a cruise track between 30°S and 30°N during the twenty-second Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition during austral summer, 2006. The surface water showed an average pN20 value of 311.9a：7.6 nL.L-1 （14.1：t：0.4 nmol-Ll）, which was slightly undersaturated. The air-sea N2O flux in the region was -0.3±0.8 p.mol.mE,dl; howeveh N20 in the surface water was oversaturated in most stations along the cruise track. Saturation anomalies were greater than 10%, with a maximum of 54.7% being observed at the Eqaator, followed by 31% at 10°N in the Sulu Sea. The air-sea fluxes at these locations were 12.4 and 4 μmol-mLd-1, respectively. Overall, the results indicated that surface water in Prydz Bay was near equilibrium with atmospheric N20, and that ocean waters in lower latitudes acted as a N20 source. Physical processes such as stratification, ice-melt water dilution, and solar radiation dominate the factors leading to N20 saturation of surface water of Prydz Bay, while biological production and upwelling are primarily responsible for the N20 oversaturation of surface water observed in subtropical and tropical regions along the cruise track.     

东南极普里兹湾浮游植物群落和叶绿素α变化与ENSO的联系及其预测意义

对中国南极科学考察现场(普里兹湾)实测浮游植物和叶绿素α历史数据(1990~2002年)进行整合研究,显示在厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜期间,普里兹湾海水温度、盐度、营养盐和含氧量等发生了很大变化,生态系统对于环境变化的反应已通过组成生态系统的生物群落变动反映出来,在厄尔尼诺期间明显改变了叶绿素α浓度和浮游植物群落结构比例,硅藻相对比例增高,甲藻降低;在拉尼娜期间硅藻比例有降低趋势、金藻和蓝藻类呈显著增加,海湾种群变动又直接影响群落的生物多样性,同时表现出极地海洋生态对海洋环境变化的敏感性.同时利用卫星遥感数据2002~2011年(12月至3月)时段进行联合研究,对普里兹湾卫星遥感叶绿素α与海表温度的月际变化特征研究,发现普里兹湾叶绿素α月际变化和浮游植物的旺发开始、结束时间存在明显差异,并对应着海冰消融、厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜事件和正常年份.研究发现南极海域叶绿素α表征的浮游植物旺发开始时间提前于海表温度的变化,或浮游植物的旺发结束时间滞后于海表温度的变化,或浮游植物的旺发开始、结束时间与海冰消融、海表温度的变化相一致.研究还发现,在湾内陆架区浮游植物的旺发开始时间与封冰消融(水域面积大小)相对应,这在一定程度上对ENSO的发生具有预报意义.     

南极普里兹湾全新世的冰海沉积

ＮＰ９３－２柱样采自南极普里兹湾陆架区域,具有明显的冰海沉积作用特征,受冰川和海洋共同作用。粒度参数、矿物组成、微体古生物和地球化学等资料揭示了该区１２９３７ａ以来的沉积作用特征和沉积环境与气候变动的信息。大约在１０ｋａ,气候波动突然明显回暖,冰筏源碎屑物质增加,晚期还有一个短暂气候波动。