南昆铁路新型、轻型支挡结构的设计与施工

介绍了南昆铁路应用的各种新型,轻型支档结构及其设计与施工经验,并论述了适用条件。     

滑体剩余下滑力计算在滑坡治理削挡方案设计中的应用

削坡和挡坡是治理滑坡常用的方法之一。但依据什么来设计削挡方案才能达到切合实际、行之有效、经济合理的目的呢？本文以广西资源县城大塘湾滑坡治理削挡方案设计为例,介绍了在滑面力学参数Ｃ、Φ值和滑体稳定安全系数ｋ值确定后,依据滑体剩余下滑力计算结果设计削挡方案的方法。该方法具有严谨的理论基础,计算简单,易于掌握,简便直观,定量,定位具体明确,具有较高的精确度,能把削挡工程与客观条件有机地结合起来,充分利用     

北京地区重力固体潮观测的初步结果

本文报道了北京地区1977年10月10日至1978年5月3日的重力固体潮观测结果。得出北京地区主要潮波的振幅系数δ和相位滞后κ为: δ(O_1)=1.1639±0.0086,κ(O_1)=0.44°±0.42° δ(M_2)=1.1593±0.0027,κ(M_2)=-0.40°±0.13     

黄海在有无潮作用下对“布拉万”不同响应的数值模拟研究

黄海是典型的强潮驱动的陆架浅海。为了研究黄海对台风的响应特点,本文利用区域海洋模式(Regional Ocean Modeling Systems,ROMS)分别模拟了在有潮和无潮作用下黄海对台风"布拉万"的响应过程。结果表明,不管潮存在与否,"布拉万"经过黄海后都引起了海表面降温和流速的近惯性振荡响应,这种响应主要分布于黄海中部较深区域,带通滤波提取的近惯性流速具有垂向第一模态特征。同时,研究发现强背景潮流能显著地影响黄海对"布拉万"的响应过程。主要结论如下:一方面,由于潮的存在,近岸垂向混合均匀的较暖水体与远岸较冷水体之间会形成潮混合温度锋面,"布拉万"过后,暖水发生了明显的离岸扩张,尽管路径右侧的混合层降温更显著,但是左侧即黄海西岸的暖水扩张更明显;另一方面,潮的存在减弱了布拉万产生的近惯性振荡响应,半日潮流在黄海仍然占据主导地位。在混合层中潮流的作用减弱了"布拉万"产生的近惯性能量,但也使其更易穿过跃层传入黄海内部。     

应用实时定量PCR技术检测秦皇岛近岸海域褐潮原因种——抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)

Aureococcus anophagefferens, a small pelagophyte algae, has caused brown tide blooms in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao in recent years, presenting significant negative impacts on the shellfish mariculture industry. Under standard light microscopy, it is visually indistinguishable from other small algae in field samples due to its extremely small size. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) based on 18 S r DNA sequences was developed and used to detect and enumerate A. anophagefferens. A linear regression(R2 = 0.91) was generated based on cycle thresholds value(Ct) versus known concentrations of A. anophagefferens. Twenty-two field samples collected in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao were subjected to DNA extraction and then analyzed using q PCR. Results showed that A. anophagefferens had a wide distribution in coastal waters along Qinhuangdao. Elevated A. anophagefferens abundance, category 3 brown tide blooms(200 000 cells/m L) occurred at Dongshan Beach and Tiger-stone Beach in August in 2013. In shellfish mariculture areas along coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, 4 stations had category 3 blooms, and 6 stations had category 2 blooms(35 000–200 000 cells/m L) in August and all stations had category 1 blooms(0 to ≤35 000 cells/m L) in October. Quantitative PCR allows for detection of A. anophagefferens cells at low levels in filed samples, which is essential to effective management and prediction of brown tide blooms.     

吕宋海峡M2内潮的三维数值模拟

A three-dimensional isopycnic-coordinate internal tidal model is employed to investigate the generation,propagation, vertical structure and energy conversion of M2 internal tides in the Luzon Strait(LS) with mooring observations. Simulated results, especially the tidal current amplitudes, agree well with observations,demonstrating the reasonability and accuracy of the model. Results indicate that M2 internal tides mainly propagate into three directions horizontally, i.e., eastward towards the western Pacific Ocean, westward towards the Dongsha Island and southwestward towards the South China Sea Basin. In the horizontal direction, tidal current amplitudes decrease as distance increases away from the LS; in the vertical direction, they show an obvious decreasing tendency with depth. Between the double ridges of the LS, a clockwise gyre of M2 baroclinic energy flux appears, which is caused by reflections of M2 internal tides at supercritical topographies, and resonance of M2 internal tides happens along 19.5° and 21.5°N due to the heights and separation distance of the double ridges. The total energy conversion in the LS is about 14.20 GW.     

河口往复流中潮流不对称与推移质输沙的关系

潮流不对称现象是近岸潮波运动的基本特征之一,为了研究潮流不对称对推移质泥沙长期净输运的作用机制,首先在往复流情况下对Bagnold推移质输沙率公式(1966)由于不包含起动流速所可能导致的误差进行理论分析,进而由统计学中的"偏度"的概念出发,推导了河口潮流不对称与推移质输沙之间的定量关系。研究认为,虽然Bagnold推移质输沙率公式不包含泥沙起动流速,但是只要泥沙起动流速和最大流速的比值在一定范围内,则在理论上公式的计算误差是可以接受的。由偏度结合Bagnold公式导出了潮流不对称与推移质输沙之间的关系,表明推移质泥沙的长期净输运不仅与余流有关,而且与不同分潮组合之间、余流与分潮之间的相互作用紧密相关。该关系还给出了一个由潮流调和常数估算河口推移质输沙的简便方法。经对比,从潮流不对称出发估算推移质输沙与直接采用推移质输沙率公式结果一致。     

基于验潮站组网的深度基准面确定

分析了短期和临时验潮站深度基准确定的不统一性。重点研究了以长期验潮站作为控制,将验潮站组网传递确定深度基准面的方法,具体阐述了最小二乘拟合求取潮差比与平差方法求取深度基准值的计算方法与原理。利用仿真实验与实例计算论证了该方法的合理与可靠性。得出的结论是:在海道测量作业海域,基于验潮站组网确定深度基准可以达到理想的精度,且获得含义统一的深度基准面。     

浅析河北沿海设计潮位分布情况

设计潮位是影响滨海工程项目安全的重要自然环境因素。为满足滨海工程防潮需要,减轻或消除潮灾对建设项目的不利影响,文章收集了河北沿海各验潮站潮汐观测资料,分析统计并整理河北沿海设计潮位特征值,为河北沿海的滨海工程建设提供参考。