马氏珠母贝免疫活性肽的纯化与鉴定

为制备马氏珠母贝免疫活性肽,以马氏珠母贝全脏器为原料,利用体外模拟消化的方法对其进行酶解,然后通过超滤系统收集分子量小于3 ku的酶解液。采用细胞培养方法,以体外免疫活性为指标,利用Sephadex G-25凝胶柱层析、Capto Q强阴离子交换色谱等对马氏珠母贝酶解液进行分离纯化与筛选,获得2个具有免疫活性的肽段,利用电喷雾静电场离子阱串联质谱分别对2个活性肽序列进行测定。结果表明:一个肽的相对分子质量为245.0,肽序列为Ala-Arg/Pro-Met;另一个别肽的相对分子质量为274.0,肽序列为Val-Arg。在浓度0.3 mg/m L时,2种肽能显著促进脾淋巴细胞的增殖与提高巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,表明这2种肽均具有较好的免疫活性。     

常用剂量氟苯尼考在罗非鱼肝脏和肾脏中的消除规律及组织学影响

在水温28℃条件下,以12 mg/kg剂量对罗非鱼单次口服给药,采用HPLC方法测定不同时间实验鱼肝脏和肾脏中的药物水平,分析氟苯尼考在罗非鱼肝、肾组织的吸收及消除规律。结果显示,肝脏和肾脏中的药动学参数均符合药动学一室模型,肝脏的药物消除速度快于肾脏,消除半衰期T1/2β分别为4.89 h和15.93 h;药物在肝脏的Tmax为5.43 h,吸收峰值为4.84μg/g;59 h后肝、肾组织中的药物含量均低于0.8μg/g。取12 mg/kg剂量连续给药7 d的实验鱼肝、肾组织,进行组织学观察,结果显示,给药组罗非鱼的肝、肾组织均未出现病理性变化。此外,氟苯尼考对6株罗非鱼常见病原菌的体外抑菌实验中,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)均≤4 mg/L,表明常用剂量氟苯尼考在罗非鱼体内消除快、残留少且不造成组织损伤,对常见病原菌具有良好的抑菌效果。     

Evolution of a Long-lived Sunspot Group and Its Associated Solar-terrestrial Events

A long-lived sunspot group (AR 9604) on the south hemisphere that lasted five solar rotations and produced some strong bursts is analyzed. The focus is on its evolving features. Its whole life was successfully maintained by four Emerging Flux Regions (EFRs). Apart from the one that lasted only a short time and did not produce any bursts, the other three EFRs have the following common features: (1) A positive writhe of magnetic flux tubes and a twist of the field lines of the same sign, indicating kink instability. (2) A clockwise rotation and a high tilt because the writhe was right-handed. (3) A compact ““island δ““ structure of the sunspot group indicating concentrated kink instability. Since magnetic reconnection easily occurs at the kinked point of a very kink-unstable flux tube, these features should be the inducement of the strong bursts.     

Study on respiratory electron transport system （ETS） of phytoplankton in Taiwan Strait and Xiamen Harbour

Phytoplankton respiratory electron transport system (P-ETS) activities were studied in two cruises in Taiwan Strait (Aug. 1997 and Feb. -Mar.1998) and two cruises in Xiamen Harbour (Oct., 1997 and Apr.,1998). Results showed that P-ETS activity in the surface water of southern Yaiwan Strait in summer was homogeneous [mean value of 0.106 μ102/(L.h)], inhomogeneous in northern Yaiwan Strait in winter. Variation of P-ETS activity in middle part of the Strait was not obvious between summer and winter. Mean P-ETS activity of Xiamen Harbour in autumn was 0.255 μ102/(L.h) with a little higher value in Jiulong River estuary areas. In spring, P-ETS activity was more homogeneously distributed and the mean value was 1.076 μ102/(L.h). P-ETS activity in spring was obviously higher than in autumn in Xiamen Harbour. Vertical distribution of P-ETS in Taiwan Strait was homogeneous at some stations in winter and in summer. An obvious daily variation of P-ETS activity was recorded at Stn 9837, high at midnight and low in the early morning. Significant correlation between P-ETS activity and Chl-a was observed. Results also showed that the ratio of estimated respiratory rate to photosynthetic rate varied seasonally, high in winter (0.41) and low in summer (0.12).     

巨野矿区煤自燃特性及动力学研究

针对巨野矿区3号煤层自然发火严重的现状,选择巨野矿区3上和3下两煤层煤样,采用煤的物性参数测试、热重分析、傅里叶红外光谱测试等实验方法,进行巨野矿区3煤层的自燃特性及动力学参数实验研究。结果表明,巨野矿区煤属于Ⅱ类自燃煤,煤的孔隙主要以大孔和中孔为主;煤在失水失重与吸氧增重阶段的活化能分别为94.49~123.61 kJ/mol和231.50~241.08 kJ/mol;煤分子中含有大量的羟基、甲基、亚甲基等活性官能团,这些活性官能团是导致巨野矿区煤自燃的关键化学结构。      

存贮对海洋微藻活性和脂肪酸分布影响的综述

在饲养许多水生动物时，微藻常常用来作为幼虫饵料，因此培养鲜活做藻就显得十分重要。由于环境条件的不利或其它生物体的污染，而导致微藻培养的失败，常常引起培养的幼虫在发育到商品规格前就食物链中断。如能够提供给孵化场以优质的存贮微藻，对于水产养殖研究和商业孵化场都有十分重要的意义。目前X国学者都已将注意力集中到选择微藻及其存贮技术的研究中（其中保存方法如：冻干存贮、在液态氮中存贮和冷冻浓缩存贮等）。用于海洋动物幼虫和幼年期培养的微藻，其营养价值是和多种不饱和脂肪酸计UI；A）的含量有关的。因此存贮方法必须…     

黄河口及其附近海域沉积物中As的粒度校正(Ⅰ)

本文采用了两种粒度校正方法:≤16μm粒径外推校正法,中值粒径校正法。研究结果表明,沉积物As含量经粒度校正以后,能比较有效地反映出河口地区As的分布变化情况。     

海藻硫酸多糖及其抗HIV-1活性

自1981年美国发现第一例艾滋病(AIDS)患者,向WHO报告的临床病例现已超过几十万,据Piot1998年统计病患者平均每天以16000人数增加。AIDS严重危害了人类健康。而传统治疗艾滋病的药物以叠氮胸苷(AZT)为代表都存在明显的副作用,硫酸酯化多糖在临床实验中发现其用量少且副     

苯并（a）芘对大弹涂鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

在实验生态条件下，研究了在苯并（a)芘（BaP)胁迫下大弹涂鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化，结果显示：暴露3d时，不同BaP含量组大弹涂鱼肝脏SOD活性无显著差异（P＞0．05），而暴露7d时，随着B aP含量的升高，0.5mg/dm^3 BaP含量组SOD活性被显著诱导（P＜0．05），为对照组的1．87倍；随着暴露时间的延长，各含量组肝脏SOD的活性均表现出不同程度的下降趋势，其中对照组肝脏SOD活性显著降低，表明SOD活性易受污染以外的因素，如水体容量、铒料、光照等的影响。污染解除后，0.5mg/dm^3含量组SOD活性显著升高，表明大弹涂鱼肝脏仍具有较强的生理调节机能，也可能表明SOD活性的变化相对于环境因子改变的“迟滞性”。以上这些结果表明SOD有可能作为大弹涂鱼受BaP胁迫的生物指标。