户县热电厂污染气象条件和大气环境质量分析

计算、分析了户县热电厂地区污染气象条件特征和ＳＯ＿２浓度，为该地大气污染治理提供了依据。     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> processes in an alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau

In this paper, the CO2 concentrations profile from 1.5 m depth in soil to 32 m height in atmosphere were measured from July 2000 to July 2001 in an alpine grassland ecosystem located in the permafrost area on the Tibetan Plateau, which revealed that CO2 concentrations varied greatly during this study period. Mean concentrations during the whole experiment in the atmosphere were absolutely lower than the CO2 concentrations in soil, which resulted in CO2 emissions from the alpine steppe soil to the atmosphere. The highest CO2 concentration was found at a depth of 1.5 m in soil while the lowest CO2 concentration occurred in the atmosphere. Mean CO2 concentrations in soil generally increased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the increasing soil moistures and decreasing soil pH, which induced the increasing biological activities with depth. Temporally, the CO2 concentrations at different layers in air remained a more steady state because of the atmospheric turbulent milking. During the seasonal variations, CO2 concentrations at surface soil interface showed symmetrical patterns, with the lowest accumulation of CO2 occurring in the late winter and the highest CO2 concentration in the growine seasons.     

影响青藏高原植被生理过程与大气C02浓度及气候变化的相互作用

利用一陆面过程模式,初步模拟研究了青藏高原夏季风盛行期植被生理过程与大气CO2浓度及气候变化的相互作用.结果表明,气候以及大气CO2浓度变化对青藏高原地区的植被生理过程有较明显的影响,高温、高湿和高CO2浓度将加强高原植被的光合作用和呼吸作用,有利于植被生长.高原植被也可通过生理过程,产生净C02吸收,降低大气C02含量,起到调整温室效应的作用,从而影响全球气候变化;当气温升高、大气C02增加时,这种作用更加有效.青藏高原地区大气C02浓度加倍,对高原地区气候的直接影响不明显.植被的存在也会影响区域气候变化,并可通过改变高原热源,进而影响高原及其周边地区气候变化.文中还归纳出了植被生理与气候相互作用的简单概念模型.     

不同生态系统CO2通量和浓度特征分析研究

本文利用1993～1994年日本国家农业环境研究所与中国科学院沙漠研究所合作在内蒙古奈曼地区实测的7种不同生态系统（沙丘、轻度放牧草原、中度放牧草原、重度放牧草原、无放牧草原、玉米田和大豆田）的净辐射、土壤热通量、两个高度的CO2浓度、温度、湿度和风速等资料，采用空气动力学方法，计算了CO2通量及其与环境和人为干扰因子的关系，并分析了不同下垫面的光合作用特征. 结果表明：各种下垫面CO2通量的共同特点是：在白天，CO2通量和梯度的输送方向是从大气向植被，在中午（11～13时）输送达到负的最大值； 在夜间，CO2通量和梯度输送方向与白天相反，是从植被向大气，在早晨（3～5时）达到正的最大值. 植被覆盖率及生物量不同的下垫面光合作用强度有明显差异，天气状况对光合作用也有一定影响.     

黄铵铁矾形成条件的实验研究及其环境意义

黄铵铁矾的化学合成实验表明,调整到合适的pH值及介质浓度,常温常压下可以实现黄铵铁矾的快速形成。影响黄铵铁矾形成的主要因素包括pH值、温度及硫酸铁介质的浓度。常温下,当pH值在2.6~3.10时,24小时内即有黄铵铁矾沉淀出现,两天内则有大量黄铵铁矾生成;在90℃左右时,形成黄铵铁矾的溶液pH值范围增大至1.20~3.10,而且在该范围内,pH值越大越利于黄铵铁矾的形成。高硫酸铁浓度有利于黄铵铁矾的形成;硫酸铁浓度较高(大于0.05M)时,形成较纯的黄铵铁矾矿物;而低浓度时,生成的黄铵铁矾常常含有水绿矾及胶体状的红色无定形羟基硫酸铁杂质。黄铵…     

婺源县空气负离子分布规律初步分析

在婺源大鄣山卧龙谷景区、鸳鸯湖景区、月亮湾景区、城区和部分村庄选取7个能够代表当地生态环境特征的监测点,进行为期2 d的负离子浓度、温度、风向、风速、空气相对湿度和气压流动监测,并与南昌城区负离子浓度观测资料进行对比,初步分析了负离子分布规律,以及负离子与首要污染物(PM10)的关系.分析结果认为,负离子浓度与植被覆盖率、海拔高度呈正相关,与首要污染物浓度呈负相关;风景区的负离子浓度高于城区:植被状况与瀑布对负离子的空间分布影响最大.     

砷的原位去除——Danida公众健康工程部试点项目回顾

通过试验来确定两种公认的铁去除技术去除砷的效率。一种方法是以原位沉淀为原理，另一种方法是传统的铁去除技术。初步分析结果显示，当地下水中砷的浓度小于0.1mg/L时，通过利用这两种技术能够把地下水中砷的浓度降至符合孟加拉国的饮用水标准，然而，当地下水中砷的初始浓度较高时，通过使用这两种技术仅能把砷浓度减少50%。在大多数砷污染地区，在所有受砷污染的管井中，有50%的管井井水中砷的浓度低于0.1mg/L。利用这两种技术能够有效地缓解孟加拉国的砷污染问题。这两种砷去除技术有可能被公众完全接受，然而，仍需要对这两种砷去除技术进行进一步改进，以便更有效地处理初始砷浓度较高的地下水。     

Prediction of Apparent Equivalent Thickness Using the Spontaneous Potential Method and Its Application to Oilfield Development

The upper spontaneous potential produced by oil and gas accumulation is of a stable potential field, and its intensity is directly proportional to the content of the source and inversely proportional to the radius apart from the source. Theoretical research and practical results show that anomalies of spontaneous potential can indicate oil-bearing sandstone bodies and locate the areas of oil and gas accumulation. In oil areas which have fewer reservoir beds, the petroleum reservoir thickness can be predicted by determining the linear relationship between potential intensity and apparent equivalent thickness. In the Weixing （卫星） oilfield, which is devoid of sufficient reservoir beds, its apparent equivalent thickness can be predicted by the linear equation h= -0.19x＋0.74. On the basis of geological research, we use the spontaneous potential method to predict the equivalent thickness, helping in the selection of the most appropriate drill sites to enhance the probability of successful well boring so as to serve the next round development of the oilfield.