盖州青石岭震群的震源参数特征

使用辽宁地区中小地震的数字波形资料,基于Brune圆盘模型计算了2012年2月～2016年12月盖州青石岭震群M_L≥2.5地震的震源动力学参数。结果表明,震群的视应力为0～12bar,视应力随时间整体表现为突升突降中逐渐衰减的变化形态;应力降随震级的增大而增加,这与Nuttli的板内地震增加应力降(ISD)模型较吻合;通过对比1999年岫岩5.4级地震序列中M_L≥3.5地震的震源参数定标率发现,同震级的青石岭地震其应力降要小10倍左右,综合震源区地质构造、震源机制等因素认为,流体可能在青石岭震群的孕育和发生过程中起了重要作用。     

基于GPS观测的天津地区形变应变场与构造活动

2006~2015年天津地区GPS连续观测站形变和应变计算结果显示,天津地区形变场和应变率场变化复杂,存在南北分带和东西分带特征。天津地区形变场和应变场主要受控于唐山-磁县地震构造带和张家口-渤海地震构造带等多组活动断裂的切割作用。     

Savonius型桨叶水动力特性研究

Savonius桨叶是一种典型的垂直轴阻力型桨叶,在风力发电中广泛应用。这种桨叶具有在多风向作用下单向转动的特性。利用该特性,将其应用于捕获水质点运动方向发生周期性或非周期性改变的波浪能的相关研究。采用Fluent数值仿真软件并基于UDF二次开发技术建立桨叶三维数值模型,分析叶片重叠率、相对入水深度和开口率等参数对桨叶动转矩和功率等水动力特性的影响,搭建实验平台,开展物理模型对照试验。研究结果表明:叶片重叠率有助于减小S型桨叶负转矩;当桨叶在水面上高度与波幅相等时,其功率系数达到最大;在叶片上增加弹片阀开口,可以增大桨叶动转矩系数,当开口面积达到一半时,动转矩系数比未开口桨叶提高28.3%。     

大糙率礁面影响下珊瑚礁海岸附近规则波演化及爬高试验研究

本文通过波浪水槽试验研究了大糙率礁面影响下波浪沿礁的演化和爬高规律,测试了一系列规则波工况并对比了光滑礁面和粗糙礁面的情况。结果分析表明：二次谐波是礁坪上透射波的重要组成成分,粗糙礁面使主频波和二次谐波减小,对更高阶波的影响不显著;相对礁坪水深是描述礁坪上波浪透射的关键参数,礁面从光滑变为粗糙时海岸附近透射系数显著减小,能量衰减系数平均增大了8%,但礁前反射系数与礁面糙率之间无明显关系;礁后岸滩爬高随着透射波高的增大而增长,最后拟合了本文试验条件下珊瑚礁大糙率礁面预测规则波爬高的关系式。     

基于长期密度试验的杉木人工林自然稀疏线研究（英文）

采用杉木人工同龄纯林26年连续观测数据,拟合Reineke(1933)经典的林分密度效应法则、Yoda(1963)基于欧几里德几何的自疏法则以及West, Brown和Enquist的分形几何(1997, 1999)。通过OLS、RMA和SFF算法得到7种枯损率区间(2%-80%, 5%-80%, 10%-80%, 15%-80%, 20%-80%, 25%-80%and 30%-80%)的自稀疏指数,对这些指数与考虑的几种法则相应指数进行验证。发现Reineke密度效应法则的指数显著区别于-1.605和-2,而不是预想的欧几里德分形几何结果。Yoda自疏法则指数在-3/2左右变动,但显著区别于-4/3。West、Brown和Enquist的分形几何式中指数参数既不趋向于8/3,亦不趋向于3。     

2014年大西洋水在楚科奇边陲区域的上边界混合

This study presents an analysis of the CTD data and the turbulent microstructure data collected in 2014, the turbulent mixing environment above the Atlantic Water(AW) around the Chukchi Borderland region is studied.Surface wind becomes more efficient in driving the upper ocean movement along with the rapid decline of sea ice,thus results in a more restless interior of the Arctic Ocean. The turbulent dissipation rate is in the range of4.60×10~(–10)~(–3.31×10~(–9) W/kg with a mean value of 1.33×10~(–9) W/kg, while the diapycnal diffusivity is in the range of1.45×10~(–6)–1.46×10~(–5)m~2/s with a mean value of 4.84×10~(–6) m~2/s in 200–300 m(above the AW). After investigating on the traditional factors(i.e., wind, topography and tides) that may contribute to the turbulent dissipation rate, the results show that the tidal kinetic energy plays a dominating role in the vertical mixing above the AW. Besides, the swing of the Beaufort Gyre(BG) has an impact on the vertical shear of the geostrophic current and may contribute to the regional difference of turbulent mixing. The parameterized method for the double-diffusive convection flux above the AW is validated by the direct turbulent microstructure results.     

南海北部冬、夏季浮游群落呼吸率

Plankton respiration is an important part of the carbon cycle and significantly affects the balance of autotrophic assimilation and heterotrophic production in oceanic ecosystems. In the present study, respiration rates of the euphotic zone plankton community(CR_(eu)), size fractionated chlorophyll a concentration(Chl a), bacterial abundance(BAC), and dissolved oxygen concentration(DO) were investigated during winter and summer in the northern South China Sea(n SCS). The results show that there were obvious spatial and temporal variations in CR_(eu) in the n SCS(ranging from 0.03 to 1.10 μmol/(L·h)), CR_(eu) in winter((0.53±0.27) μmol/(L·h)) was two times higher than that in summer((0.26±0.20) μmol/(L·h)), and decreased gradually from the coastal zone to the open sea. The distribution of CR_(eu) was affected by coupled physical-chemical-biological processes, driven by monsoon events. The results also show that CR_(eu) was positively correlated with Chl a, BAC, and DO, and that BAC contributed the highest CR_(eu) variability. Furthermore, the results of the stepwise multiple linear regression suggest that bacteria and phytoplankton were the dominant factors in determining CR_(eu)(R~2 = 0.82, p0.05) in the n SCS. Based on this relationship, we estimated the integrated water column respiration rate(CRint) within 100 m of the investigated area, and found that the relationship between the biomass of the plankton community and respiration may be nonlinear in the water column.     

透明环氧树脂/碱式硼酸镁复合材料的制备及火安全性能研究

以碱式硼酸镁(MBH)和环氧树脂(EP)为原料,制备EP/MBH复合材料。采用紫外可见分光光度计,同步热分析仪(TG),极限氧指数仪(LOI)和锥形量热仪(CCT)等研究了EP/MBH复合材料的光学透过率、热稳定性和火安全性能。结果表明,1 wt%～10 wt%MBH与EP基体可制得透光性能良好的EP/MBH阻燃复合材料。其中,800～400 nm波长范围内,MBH质量分数为10 wt%的复合材料光学透过率依然超过70%;EP/5MBH复合材料达难燃级别,热释放速率峰值(pHRR)、烟释放速率峰值(pSPR)、CO释放速率峰值(pCOP)、CO_2释放速率峰值(pCO_2P)以及火灾蔓延指数(FIGRA)分别降低38%、30%、50%、35%和41%。研究结果表明,MBH可明显提高环氧树脂复合材料在绿色能源及航空航天等领域的应用价值,为制备透明阻燃复合材料提供了一种新思路。     

西安城区地下水源热泵利用现状评价与可持续发展对策研究

通过调查统计西安城区水源热泵系统历史运行数据,对水源热泵系统用户分布、运行现状及回灌率等内容进行了评价,系统分析了水源热泵系统运行过程中存在的问题,从制度建设、行政监管、水资源税征收及技术创新等方面进行分析,提出应通过建立健全水源热泵系统运行管理规定、建设高效智能的水源热泵运行监管平台、充分发挥水资源税征收的奖惩机制和强化创新研究,着重解决可持续回灌技术瓶颈等策略,保证西安城区水源热泵系统的可持续利用和发展。