Uplift of symmetrical anchor plates by using grid-fixed reinforced reinforcement in cohesionless soil

Uplift response of symmetrical anchor plates with and without grid fixed reinforced （GFR） reinforcement was evaluated in model tests and numerical simulations by Plaxis. Many variations of reinforcement layers were used to reinforce the sandy soil over symmetrical anchor plates. In the current research, different factors such as relative density of sand, embedment ratios, and various GFR parameters including size, number of layers, and the proximity of the layer to the symmetrical anchor plate were investigated in a scale model. The failure mechanism and the associated rupture surface were observed and evaluated. GFR, a tied up system made of fiber reinforcement polymer （FRP） strips and end balls, was connected to the geosynthetic material and anchored into the soil. Test results showed that using GFR reinforcement significantly improved the uplift capacity of anchor plates. It was found that the inclusion of one layer of GFR, which rested directly on the top of the anchor plate, was more effective in enhancing the anchor capacity itself than other methods. It was found that by including GFR the uplift response was improved by 29%. Multi layers of GFR proved more effective in enhancing the uplift capacity than a single GFR reinforcement. This is due to the additional anchorage provided by the GFR at each level of reinforcement. In general, the results show that the uplift capacity of symmetrical anchor plates in loose and dense sand can be significantly increased by the inclusion of GFR. It was also observed that the inclusion of GFR reduced the requirement for a large L/D ratio to achieve the required uplift capacity. The laboratory and numerical analysis results are found to be in agreement in terms of breakout factor and failure mechanism pattern.     

膜技术在水产养殖废水处理中的应用进展

<正>随着我国工厂化养殖业的飞速发展,养殖规模与日俱增,如何实现养殖废水的有效循环使用,避免由此导致的水生态环境问题引起广泛关注。由于养殖过程中需向水体中投放饵料和化学品,作为养殖生物的营养和消毒剂,所以养殖废水中除含有剩余饵料外,还含有化学物质及富含氮、磷的养殖生物排泄物等有害物质。若不处理直接排放,可加剧邻近水域富营养     

Progress in Studies of the Precipitation Diurnal Variation over Contiguous China

This paper summarizes the recent progress in studies of the diurnal variation of precipitation over con- tiguous China. The main results are as follows. （1） The rainfall diurnal variation over contiguous China presents distinct regional features. In summer, precipitation peaks in the late afternoon over the south- ern inland China and northeastern China, while it peaks around midnight over southwestern China. In the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River valley, precipitation occurs mostly in the early morning. Summer precipitation over the central eastern China （most regions of the Tibetan Plateau） has two diurnal peaks, i.e., one in the early morning （midnight） and the other in the late afternoon. （2） The rainfall diurnal variation experiences obvious seasonal and sub-seasonal evolutions. In cold seasons, the regional contrast of rainfall diurnal peaks decreases, with an early morning maximum over most of the southern China. Over the central eastern China, diurnal monsoon rainfall shows sub-seasonal variations with the movement of summer monsoon systems. The rainfall peak mainly occurs in the early morning （late afternoon） during the active （break） monsoon period. （3） Cloud properties and occurrence time of rainfall diurnal peaks are different for long- and short-duration rainfall events. Long-duration rainfall events are dominated by strat- iform precipitation, with the maximum surface rain rate and the highest profile occurring in the late night to early morning, while short-duration rainfall events are more related to convective precipitation, with the maximum surface rain rate and the highest profile occurring between the late afternoon and early night. （4） The rainfall diurnal variation is influenced by multi-scale mountain-valley and land-sea breezes as well as large-scale atmospheric circulation, and involves complicated formation and evolution of cloud and rainfall systems. The diurnal cycle of winds in the lower troposphere also contributes to the regional differences     

航空重力探测目标发现率研究

航空重力测量相比地面测量可快速地完成区域性的重力数据采集。为在发现异常目标体的同时,高效、安全地完成航空重力测量,作者提出了一种新的目标体发现率的评价方式,指导最优化测量参数设计。通过可靠弱异常的判定标准定义目标体可发现的临界条件,确定目标体可发现概率。通过理论模型分析目标体参数(埋深、水平尺寸等)、测网间距和飞行高度对发现率的影响。绘制目标体发现率关于飞行高度、测线距和测点距的三维图像。     

栅格型新安江模型在赣江流域的应用

以赣江流域峡山站以上为研究区域,利用栅格型数字高程数据,提取数字流域水系及其空间拓扑关系,在此基础上建立数字水文模型。赣江上游峡山站以上集水区域包含21198个空间分辨率为30s的栅格,采用就近移植法将降水数据及蒸发数据插值到每个栅格上,计算峡山站的径流过程。日模型中选取1978~1985年为参数率定期,1986~1987年为参数验证期,以多年径流量误差最小为目标函数。次洪模型中采用前16场洪水用于参数率定,后6场用于模拟验证,以洪水总量、洪峰流量、峰现时间按许可误差统计合格率最高和确定性系数最大为目标函数。结果显示,率定期16场洪水中14场合格,验证期6场洪水均合格,表明栅格型新安江模型模拟效果良好。     

回填碾压地基的CFG桩加固工程

针对回填碾压地层条件,选择高置换率CFG桩复合地基方案进行地基处理。利用合理的复合地基构造形式,改善其受力特性,充分发挥桩体和桩间土的承载能力,达到了提高地基承载力、减少地基沉降的工程效果,取得了良好的经济技术效益。     

含碎石紫色土坡面降雨入渗和产流产沙过程

在室内土槽模拟降雨试验基础上,观测了具有不同碎石体积含量紫色土的降雨入渗地表产流产沙量以及细沟间径流和细沟径流的流速,以期建立碎石含量与土壤流失的定量关系。研究结果表明:土壤中碎石混合对降雨入渗有正负两方面的影响,当碎石含量为20%~30%时,碎石的存在增强土壤入渗能力,当碎石含量提高到30%时,土壤的入渗能力被削弱。土壤中碎石混合通过不同的作用机制对坡面细沟间径流流速和细沟径流流速产生不同的影响,随着碎石含量的增加,细沟间径流平均流速逐渐增加,细沟径流的平均流速逐渐降低。土壤中碎石混合通过改变土壤的物质组成和结构,增强土壤的抗蚀性和抗冲性,随着碎石含量的增加,径流含沙率和土壤流失量显著降低,土壤流失比与碎石含量呈极显著指数负相关关系。     

离心实验在污染物迁移研究中的应用

离心实验模拟以其可以获得与原型一致的应力水平并且能够大大缩短原型历时而被应用于污染物迁移实验研究。在离心相似理论及离心实验模拟的相似基础上,重点回顾了离心机在饱和带水分、非饱和带水分、保守性溶质、NAPLs、重金属、核素迁移以及污染场地修复方面的实验应用。最后讨论了离心模拟中土壤预制和加速度选择的问题,并简单介绍了离心监测方法。可以得出结论:离心机能够成功用于各类物质迁移的实验研究中,离心实验模拟能够为理论和数值等分析方法快速提供真实可靠的参数依据,但离心实验的理论基础和监测方法需要进一步完善,此外也应积极开展更接近实际情况下的离心实验模拟研究。     

非平稳风沙运动研究进展

风蚀输沙起动条件与输沙率预测是风蚀预报、沙尘数值预报与风沙地貌演化以及防沙治沙工程研究所需的关键参数,因而一直是风沙物理学研究的重点课题。早期的研究主要关注稳态输沙过程,对野外实际输沙过程的预测存在相当大的误差。近年高频的实时同步输沙、风速测量显示:大气边界层近地表风速脉动强烈,因而导致野外实际输沙具有高度的时空变化。研究发现:风沙输运的非平稳特性与边界层湍流结构密切相关,因而会对沙粒起动条件判断、输沙率预测等产生影响。回顾了近20年中非平稳输沙研究在实验、理论以及数值模拟方面的进展,并提出了目前存在的问题和今后发展的趋势。