大西洋温盐循环的演变:早渐新世北大西洋深水开始形成

气候和大洋盆地形状的急剧变化标志了新生代的开始。不断增加的证据表明了在早新生代(约55 Ma)的极端温暖时期,主要存在于南大洋的深水层形成了与现代模式根本不同的循环模式,并在北大西洋北部及南大洋形成了深水层。早新生代模式向两极模式的转变出现于何时?该转变的主要作用力如何?巴拿马地峡(4·2 Ma)的形成被认为是代表了深水循环向两极模式转变的最后作用,它使湾流将盐度较高的暖水带到北半球高纬形成北大西洋深层水(NADW),现代NADW由来自Nordic海和拉布拉多海的深水组成。然而,通常认为北大西洋的深水形成的最初阶段只有Nordic海…     

黏土中海上风电水平受荷大直径单桩设计方法的思考

文章回顾了目前风电大直径单桩基础水平受荷静力响应分析的p-y 曲线规范方法,结合现有成果探讨了该方法会高估桩侧初始刚度并低估极限承载力的原因。为解决其不足,文章介绍了一种基于土体应力应变关系的p-y 曲线方法,它不但能较为正确地反映桩侧刚度,还能跟踪桩周土体的平均塑性应变的累积。在此基础上探讨了桩基在循环疲劳状态下的规范方法,由于其无法精确反映循环次数和幅值对于桩侧刚度弱化的影响,因此,进一步介绍了基于静力p-y 骨干曲线的滞回曲线构造方法,最后,基于上述分析方法,提出了一些大直径单桩优化设计的建议。     

海上风机吸力式桶形基础承载特性研究述评

风机基础作为海上风机整体结构的重要部分,承受着上部风机所受到的风浪流荷载,并且对风机的安全性及可靠性至关重要。吸力式桶形基础由于其安装简单和可重复利用等优点,在海洋平台基础中得到了广泛应用,并逐步被应用于海上风机基础中。但由于海上风机与海洋平台在海洋环境中的荷载工况有一定的差别,仍需要通过对其承载特性研究现状进行全面认识,以实现吸力式桶形基础在海上风机基础中的可靠应用。本文通过总结和评价现有研究对桶形基础在不同土体条件以及荷载条件下进行试验及数值模拟分析得到的研究结果,综述了静荷载和循环荷载作用下砂土和黏土中的吸力式桶形基础的承载特性研究现状,以及海上风机吸力式桶形基础的相关研究。文章展望了目前应用于海上风机基础的桶形基础仍缺乏的研究,为海上风机吸力式桶形基础的可靠应用及后续研究提供重要参考。     

河流-河口-近海连续体碳循环研究进展

河流-河口-近海连续体(简称连续体)是连接陆地和大洋的过渡地带,也是目前全球碳收支估算的薄弱环节.这个复杂的海陆交互生态系统不仅可以通过光合作用、溶解作用吸收大气中的CO2,陆地和流域光合作用或化学风化作用固定的碳也可以被横向输送到陆架和大洋中.本文以国际上著名的切萨皮克湾以及长江-长江口-东海等为例,综述了连续体碳循...     

The relationship between the canonical ENSO and the phase transition of the Antarctic oscillation at the quasi-quadrennial timescale

A correlation analysis is performed to investigate the relationship between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Antarctic oscillation (AAO) at the quasi-quadrennial (QQ) timescale.It is found that the cold tongue index (CTI) and the AAO index (AAOI) are negatively correlated with about a 7-month lead-time,while they are positively correlated with about a 15-month lag-time.To further explore this relationship,complex empirical orthogonal function analysis is employed in the QQ sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies from 1951 to 2002.The results indicate that,during the ENSO cycle,there exists one kind of global tropical wave of wavenumber 1 (GTW1) propagating eastward.With the traveling of GTW1,the tropical SLP anomaly tends to intrude into the southern mid-latitudes.Accordingly,three strong signals travel synchronously along the circumSouth-Pacific path,and a relatively weak signal extends eastward and poleward over the South Ocean in the Atlantic-Indian Ocean sector.Following the propagation of these signals,the AAO phase tends to be reversed progressively.As a result,there exists an evident lead-lag correlation between CTI and AAOI.It can be concluded that ENSO plays a key role in the phase transition of AAO at the QQ timescale.It is also noticed that this regular relationship is only evident in the canonical ENSO events,for which sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies extend westward from the tropical eastern Pacific.On the other hand,the similar relationships are not found among those atypical ENSO events for which SST anomalies spread eastward from the central Pacific,such as the 1982-1983 ENSO event.     

新型随钻完整性钻井液有效解决井漏问题

针对东得克萨斯Trawick油田TravisPeak地层严重漏失的问题,埃克森-美孚公司设计了具有适当颗粒尺寸的高固相、高滤失钻井液,用于防止循环液漏失,取得了良好的效果。     

新型深水系泊系统非线性循环动力分析

深水绷紧式系泊系统以合成纤维材料系缆作为主体系缆,由于系缆复杂的力学特性以及绷紧式系泊方式的特点,在设计、分析和工程应用中会带来新的有待深入认识的问题。以一系泊浮体的动力响应分析为例,考察了循环载荷作用下纤维系缆的动刚度特性,比较了悬链式系泊与绷紧式系泊动力响应的特点。分析表明,绷紧式系泊具有优良的系泊性能,但同时会发生复杂的张力响应。这些认识对于绷紧式系泊系统的研发和工程应用具有重要的参考价值。     

海洋锶物质来源及其同位素组成研究的进展及应用

自1948年瑞典地质学家Wickman提出锶同位素地层学开始,海洋碳酸盐岩的锶同位素在探索地质历史过程中的古海平面、古气候变化和全球性构造运动方面,具有非常重要的应用价值。本文简述了目前海洋锶同位素的应用,并回顾了海洋锶物质来源及其同位素组成的研究历史,综述了近十年来的研究进展。自上世纪70年代以来,海洋锶物质来源研究一直是海洋地质学研究的热点之一。早期以陆源锶研究为主,获得了大陆众多主要河流的锶同位素组成数据,并估算了全球河流锶通量和组成特征。90年代以后,在大洋钻探计划和深海钻探计划的带动下,幔源锶研究得到了很大的发展,集中探讨了洋中脊高温热液与洋壳玄武岩的作用机制和向海洋输入的锶通量,初步认为海水与洋壳玄武岩主要发生同位素交换,同位素交换率随深度而降低,但玄武岩锶含量基本不变。与此同时,洋中脊侧翼和与弧相关环境洋壳的低温热液系统锶同位素组成的研究也取得了一定的成果。     

A preliminary study of variations of the Changjiang Diluted Water between August of 1999 and 2006

A large area hypoxia has been already reported respectively by two interdisciplinary surveys off the Changjiang Estuary since summer of 1999 and 2006. The hypoxic zone shows distinct year-to-year variations. Observed oceanographic data are first analysized and reveal a big difference for the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) between these two periods. These great changes are related to the tremendous reduction of the freshwater discharge and variations of wind fields between these two years. It is also found that the monthly mean intrusion of Kuroshio and its branches has increased in the northern East China Sea (ECS), but decreased in the southern ECS in August of 2006 as compared with 1999 on the base of general circulation models. Then, the Regional Ocean Modelling Systems is applied to the East China Sea to evaluate the contributions and relative importance of impacts from the river discharge, wind forcing and open boundary data. Our simulations reproduce the phenomena that more fresh water extends northeastward in 2006 and forms a negative SSS anomaly to the northeast of the river mouth as compared with 1999, which is consistent with observations. The five group numerical tests suggest that the wind forcing dominates the CDW variations followed by the Kuroshio and its branches. The study implies important roles played by hydrodynamic processes on the variability of hypoxic zone in the study areas.     

辽宁省海岸带水资源可持续发展模糊迭代分区研究

给出一种模糊聚类循环迭代模型以及通过模糊二元对比赋权与迭代赋权相融合的组合赋权方法,采用交叉循环迭代的方法确定聚类中心矩阵,通过判断聚类准则函数获得最终聚类矩阵.该模型兼顾了主观决策与客观决策,使聚类分析具有很大的柔性,最后将模型应用到辽宁省海岸带30个县(市)区的水资源可持续发展分区研究中,按照水资源可持续发展评价的9个指标分为4个类别,结果表明,模型聚类分区结果比较合理.