亚运会期间广州同期历史气候特点及高影响天气

对2010年亚运会期间的广州同期历史气温、降水、风和太阳辐射等基本气象条件进行了分析,并专门统计分析了同期对亚运会比赛有较高影响的天气。结果表明广州亚运会同期历史气候适宜,对比赛有高影响的天气出现概率较小,影响最大的是强冷空气入侵,而降水天气是影响开幕式效果的主要风险。     

从云南人影看全国人影行业管理体系的调整完善

本文从云南人工影响局部天气的实践出发,对全国人影行业管理体系的进一步完善进行了深入思考,并提出政策建议。     

Eurasian Snow Cover Variability and Its Association with Summer Rainfall in China

This study investigates the statistical linkage between summer rainfall in China and the preceding spring Eurasian snow water equivalent (SWE), using the datasets of summer rainfall observations from 513 stations, satellite-observed snow water equivalent, and atmospheric circulation variables in the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis during the period from 1979 to 2004. The first two coupled modes are identified by using the singular value decomposition (SVD) method. The leading SVD mode of the spring SWE variability shows a coherent negative anomaly in most of Eurasia with the opposite anomaly in some small areas of the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia. The mode displays strong interannual variability, superposed on an interdecadal variation that occurred in the late 1980s, with persistent negative phases in 1979--1987 and frequent positive phases afterwards. When the leading mode is in its positive phase, it corresponds to less SWE in spring throughout most of Eurasia. Meanwhile, excessive SWE in some small areas of the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia, summer rainfall in South and Southeast China tends to be increased, whereas it would be decreased in the up-reaches of the Yellow River. In recent two decades, the decreased spring SWE in Eurasia may be one of reasons for severe droughts in North and Northeast China and much more significant rainfall events in South and Southeast China. The second SVD mode of the spring SWE variability shows opposite spatial variations in western and eastern Eurasia, while most of the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia are in phase. This mode significantly correlates with the succeeding summer rainfall in North and Northeast China, that is, less spring SWE in western Eurasia and excessive SWE in eastern Eurasia and the Tibetan Plateau tend to be associated with decreased summer rainfall in North and Northeast China.     

西北干旱区夏半年深厚的混合层与干旱气候形成

为了更好地理解西北干旱区大气混合层(ML)厚度的变化特征及其对当地干旱气候形成的影响,我们利用张掖和民勤站夏季及相关月的实测探空资料及T-log P图解法,首先计算了该两地逐日ML厚度,然后分析并讨论了它的时空间变化特征、与干湿天气气候的关系,以及夏半年的深厚ML,对加剧当地干旱气候的影响.结果表明:(1)河西中东部ML厚度的年变化及地区差异明显.冬季最浅薄,夏半年深厚(特别是5、6月),4月及10月分别是ML急剧增厚及变薄的过渡期;同时,更靠近西北干旱区中心的河西西部及北部的ML更深厚.(2)夏季干(湿)天气通过加强(减弱)地气间的感热交换和干对流,而明显影响当地的ML厚度.平均而言,以高温日最深厚,千日次之,小雨日再次之,而中强雨日最浅薄.千年夏季的ML厚度平均比湿年的对应值增厚300 m左右.夏季典型千日的ML厚度比雨日厚3000 m,典型干日的ML厚度昼宿变化不大.(3)反过来夏半年深厚的ML也通过增加雨滴蒸发损耗,减少了干旱区的降水,加剧了当地干旱的程度,因此夏半年深厚的ML也是形成干旱气候背景的成因之一.     

Three Types of Tropical Waves Related to Tropical Cyclogenesis over the Western North Pacific

The present study applies a space-time filter to identify three dominant types of tropical waves： Madden-Julian oscillations （MJOs）, equatorial Rossby （ER） waves, and tropical depression （TD）-type disturbances. The impacts of these waves on tropical cyclones （TCs） were investigated based on 131 observations during the period 2000-07. The results suggest that 72% of TC geneses were related to the joint impacts of more than one type of wave. The composites for cases in different categories reveal that TCs related to the concurrence of the three types of waves have strong and large initial vortices at the time of TC genesis. In the absence of the MJO, ER- and TD-related TC genesis, embedded in easterly flow, exhibits a relatively fast initiation process and gives rise to a relatively small scale vortex. In contrast, without the ER wave contribution, TCs associated with ER and TD waves did not require strong convection at the time of genesis because an initial vortex can rapidly develop in the MJO active phase through persistent energy transfer. The MJO-related TC geneses were scattered in geographic distribution, as opposed to the clustered and eastward shift observed for genesis cases without contributions from MJOs.     

雪原上的气象人——青海省果洛州甘德县气象局

地处海拔4050米,阿尼玛沁雪山脚下的果洛州甘德县气象局,成立于1959年4月,属国家气候观测一般站,1986年成立国家一级牧业气象观测站;承担着气象服务、生态环境监测、人工影响天气、雷电防护检测等工作。现有职工9人,均有大专以上学历,取得中级专业技术职称8名,中共党员4名。     

关于云降水物理和人工影响天气领域发展趋势及国际合作策略的思考

地球上的大部分天气现象是和成云致雨过程相联系的。云和降水过程是全球水分循环中不可缺少的环节。云降水物理主要研究云和降水过程中的宏观结构特征和微观物理机制,研究大气中云滴、雨滴、冰晶、雪晶、冰雹等的生消演变规律。     

“中国人工影响天气事业50周年纪念大会暨第十五届全国云降水与人工影响天气科学会议”成功举办

“中国人工影响天气事业50周年纪念大会暨第十五届全国云降水与人工影响天气科学会议”于2008年10月8～11日在吉林省长春市召开,会议由中国气象学会秘书处、中国气象局预测减灾司主办,中国气象科学研究院、吉林省气象局承办。来自财政部、科技部、农业部、中国气象局,各省、市气象局,有关院校和科研院所等单位的近500名代表参加了会议。中国气象局局长郑国光与吉林省副省长王守臣出席纪念大会并致辞,中国气象局副局长矫梅燕主持会议。     

黑龙江省气候变化检测、影响评估和对策业务系统

黑龙江省是全球气候变暖特征最显著的地区之一．建立长期有效的气候变化科技业务支撑系统。是满足社会经济发展对气候变化科研与业务工作的需求。黑龙江省气候变化检测、影响评估与对策业务系统的开发与建设紧密围绕科技发展需求,以业务服务产品为中心．发布权威性的气候变化业务服务产品．减少气候变化对黑龙江省社会经济和人民生活可能带来的不利影响。