岚山港临时海洋倾倒区表层沉积物重金属含量与底栖生物的关系

文章以2009年9月岚山港临时海洋倾倒区海域跟踪监测数据为基础,分析了该倾倒区海域表层沉积物重金属含量与底栖生物的相关性,发现重金属含量和底栖生物总种数呈负相关性。疏浚物的长期倾倒造成了岚山港临时海洋倾倒区海域底栖生物总种数和生物个体密度的降低。     

岚山港临时海洋倾倒区表层沉积物重金属含量与底栖生物的关系

文章以2009年9月岚山港临时海洋倾倒区海域跟踪监测数据为基础,分析了该倾倒区海域表层沉积物重金属含量与底栖生物的相关性,发现重金属含量和底栖生物总种数呈负相关性.疏浚物的长期倾倒造成了岚山港临时海洋倾倒区海域底栖生物总种数和生物个体密度的降低     

基于碳、氮稳定同位素的雅浦海沟底栖生物食物来源和营养级初探

为了分析雅浦海沟中底栖生物群落的食物来源和营养级,本研究分析了雅浦海沟真光层中浮游植物和浮游动物、海底沉积物和巨型底栖生物（海绵、海参、海蛇尾、海星、海葵和钩虾）中的碳、氮稳定同位素组成。研究发现雅浦海沟真光层中的浮游植物和浮游动物δ13C值[（-22.8±0.4）‰和（-21.8±0.8）‰]和δ15N值[（5.4±0.4）‰和（6.8±0.2）‰]与巨型底栖生物的δ13C值（-20.1‰~-16.8‰）和δ15N值（11.9‰~17.9‰）的差异超过了一个营养级,表明作为底栖生物的初始食物来源的浮游植物和浮游动物在向下输送的过程中经历了食物链传递和细菌的降解。巨型底栖生物的δ15N和δ13C值之间无显著的相关性,此外不同物种之间营养级也存在明显差异,表现为海绵的营养级相对较高（3.4~4.7）,海参（3.3~3.6）、海蛇尾（3.4~3.5）和海星（3.2~3.7）的营养级较为接近,钩虾（2.9~3.3）和海葵（3.1）的营养级则相对略低,反映了底栖生物不同物种之间食物来源的多样化。     

莱州湾和牟平近海夏季小型底栖生物群落组成及环境状况分析

为探究莱州湾和牟平近海小型底栖生物群落组成及影响因子,作者于2016年7月在这两个海域采集了沉积物样品,并结合沉积环境因子进行了小型底栖生物群落组成分析。结果表明,在莱州湾和牟平近海各仅检获了7个小型底栖生物类群,且莱州湾的小型底栖生物平均丰度和生物量均明显低于牟平近岸海域。莱州湾线虫和桡足类平均丰度分别占小型底栖生物的91.9%和6.3%,牟平近海分别占92.1%和4.2%。对两个海域小型底栖生物群落组成与环境因子进行Pearson相关性分析,结果显示:小型底栖生物丰度与底层水溶解氧含量呈显著正相关;表层小型底栖生物丰度比与沉积物中叶绿素a含量、脱镁叶绿素含量、沉积物有机质含量以及水深呈显著正相关,与中值粒径和底层水温度呈显著负相关。本研究显示,基于不同沉积物类型中的参考比值,线虫和桡足类丰度比值(N/C)可用于莱州湾和牟平近海沉积环境有机污染状况的评估。研究还发现,牟平海域的小型底栖生物丰度和生物量呈现由近岸向外海增加的异常趋势,且小型底栖生物的数量和类群多样性较十年前显著降低,显示沉积环境受到了明显干扰。     

白令海大型底栖动物群落结构及其空间分布格局

Due to its unique geological location, the Bering Sea is an ideal place to investigate the water exchange and ecosystem connectivity of the Pacific Ocean–Arctic Ocean and subarctic–Arctic region. Based on a number of summer surveys(July to September, 2010, 2012 and 2014), macrobenthic communities and their spatial-temporal patterns are exhibited for the majority of the Bering Sea(53°59′–64°36′N). The results show that the macrobenthic communities were dominated by northern cold-water species and immigrant eurythermic species, and the communities assumed a dispersed and patchy distribution pattern. Polychaetes(Scoloplos armiger), crustaceans(Ceradocus capensis) and sea urchins(Echinarachnius parma) were the main dominant groups in the shallow shelves; the sea star(Ctenodiscus crispatus) and the brittle star(Ophiura sarsii) were the main dominant groups in the continental slope; whereas small polychaetes(Prionospio malmgreni) dominated the basin area. Sediment type, water depth, and currents were the major factors affecting the structure and spatial distribution of the macrobenthic communities. Compared with other seas, the shallow areas of the Bering Sea showed an extremely high-standing biomass. In particular, the northern shelf area(north of St. Lawrence Islands and west of 170°W),which is primarily controlled by Anadyr Water, is an undersea oasis. In contrast, a deficiency in the downward transport of particulate organic carbon has resulted in a desert-like seabed in the basin area. By comparing our results to previous studies, we found that macrobenthic communities of the Bering Sea have undergone significant structural changes in recent decades, resulting in a decrease in abundance and an increase in biomass.In addition, populations of amphipods and bivalves in the northern shelves have decreased significantly and have been gradually replaced by other species. These changes might be associated with advanced seasonal ice melting,changes in organic carbon input, and global warming, indicating that large-scale ecosystem changes have been occurring in the Bering Sea.     

2009—2012年泉州湾大型底栖生物多样性研究

文章根据2009—2012年泉州湾4个航次的调查资料,对比分析了4年间大型底栖生物的种类数、生物量、栖息密度、生物多样性的变化趋势。结果表明：泉州湾大型底栖生物有103种,其中多毛类48种,软体动物25种,甲壳动物18种,棘皮动物6种和其他动物6种。多毛类、软体动物、甲壳动物占总种数的88.3%,三者构成大型底栖生物的主要类群。泉州湾大型底栖生物平均生物量为7.77 g/m2,平均栖息密度76个/m2;数量组成,生物量以甲壳动物居首位2.40 g/m2;栖息密度以多毛类占第一位38个/m2。泉州湾大型底栖生物种类数、生物量、栖息密度、生物多样性均为湾中部及湾外较好,湾顶较差;从2009—2012年际变化来看,生物种类数、平均生物量、平均栖息密度均为2009年最好,2012年相对较差,生物多样性年际变化不大,说明泉州湾的大型底栖生物环境受到了一定的影响。     

The relationship between soft-bottom macrobenthic communities and environmental variables off Ningjin, eastern Shandong Peninsula

Macrobenthic infauna and associated environmental factors influencing the benthic community in the eastern coastal region of Shandong Peninsula were analyzed in four seasonal surveys from January 2007 to October 2007 (30 stations in winter, 20 stations in other three seasons), in order to understand the community structure and the factors unfluencing the benthic distribution. PRIMER 6.0 and SPSS 15.0 software packages were adopted to analyze the environmental and macrobenthic data. The results show that there were 260 macrobenthic species in total collected from the research region. The composition of species is:Polychaeta (94 species), Crustacea (75), Mollusca (56) and Echinoderm (12), among which, only 23 species were common species in the cruises of every season. The dominant species varied from season to season; however, the polychaete species Paralacydonia paradoxa Fauvel and Echinoderm species Amphioplus japonicus (Matsumoto) were always present year-round. The abundance and biomass of the macrobenthos in the research region were variable from season to season. The results of CLUSTER and MDS analysis show that the similarities of macrobenthic structures between the stations were low; most of the similarities were at about 30% of similarity value, only two stations were up to 70%. In accordance with the similarity values of the macrobenthic structures, we divided the 20 stations into five groups by arbitrary similarity level of 30%. The ABC curve indicates that the marcofauna communities in the research region had not been disturbed massively, except two stations, SB1 and SB3. Ecologically, benthos were controlled by a combination of factors such as salinity, phytoplankton, zooplankton, SiO₃-Si and temperature, and no single factor could be considered as an ecological master factor.     

底栖生物生物量空间插值方法研究

在地统计学和地理信息系统支持下,采用反距离加权(Inverse distance weighting,IDW)、径向基函数(Radial basis functions,RBF)、普通克里格(Ordinary Kriging,OK)3种插值方法对2007年4月获得的大亚湾人工鱼礁区及附近海域底栖生物生物量数据进行空间插值方法研究,并对插值精确度进行交叉验证。结果显示,经对数转化后的数据呈正态分布,而且3种插值方法对其进行插值,所得的等值面图效果比原始数据所得等值面图效果好。交叉验证显示,对数转化数据插值精确度OK﹥RBF﹥IDW。观察插值结果等值面图,发现3种方法均能较客观地模拟出底栖生物生物量的总体分布趋势,在对局部趋势的模拟上,OK的表现效果最好。     

山东南部沿海冬季小型底栖生物的初步研究

利用统计法、经验模型和多元聚类分析法和数学分析软件对2006年12月908项目冬季航次山东南部海域(36°15′—36°45′N,120°45′—122°00′E)小型底栖生物调查所获得的数据进行分析,获得该调查海域冬季小型底栖生物的平均丰度为(657.43±214.60)ind/10cm2,平均生物量为(847.15±427.63)μgdwt/10cm2,平均生产量为(7624.32±3848.64)μgdwt/(10cm2·a-1);还对N/C、Simpson优势度指数、Margalef多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和香农-威纳指数进行了计算。与2006年8月908项目夏季航次同一海域调查数据进行了比较,得到小型底栖生物的平均丰度及其优势类群线虫丰度冬季明显低于夏季,而生物量和类群多样性与夏季相当。同时,依据丰度指标对山东南部研究海域进行了初步的生态学划分,呈现出较明显的地域性。     

海洋生态系统健康评价的底栖生物指数法研究进展

海洋大型底栖无脊椎动物能对自然和人为活动导致的水和沉积物质量变化做出可预测的响应,因此利用底栖生物作为海洋生态环境监测的生物指标和进行系统健康度量的生物指数已经得到了广泛的认可.本文比较分析了几种常用的和正在发展的海洋生态系统健康和生态环境质量状况评估的底栖生物指数,包括指示生物法、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、BI指数、AMBI指数和Bentix指数,总结了这几种生物指数的应用和特性,探讨了底栖生物指数在实际应用中可能存在的问题和解决的办法,以期为我国海洋生态系统健康评估工作提供参考.