南海岛礁吹填钙质砂渗透特性试验研究

南海吹填钙质砂的渗透性对于岛礁地下淡水的形成至关重要。通过室内常水头渗透试验研究了吹填钙质砂的级配、孔隙比和渗透性之间的相互关系,开展了相同级配钙质砂在不同孔隙比下的渗透性试验,研究了不均匀系数和曲率系数对钙质砂渗透系数的影响规律。试验结果表明,钙质砂的渗透系数和10~e(e为孔隙比)有很好的线性关系,并且与不均匀系数、曲率系数和颗粒粒径都有很好的相关性;通过对室内试验结果考虑多因素的分析,建立了钙质砂渗透系数计算模型,该模型公式可为岛礁吹填土层的渗透性评估和新填岛礁地下淡水的形成分析提供参考。     

山坡蓄量动力学理论及其在水文模拟中的应用前景

山坡地貌特征,即山坡地形曲率的敛散、凹凸等性质,是影响土壤含水量、产流面积空间分布的重要地形控制因子.山坡蓄量动力学理论(Hillslope-storage dynamics)是一种融合地貌特征的山坡水文模拟方法.其引入宽度函数和土壤厚度函数的概念,建立基于土壤蓄水能力的一维山坡蓄量动力学方程,这是采用低维方法描述山坡复杂三维结构的水文响应的一种简化方法,大大降低了模型的复杂程度.该理论解决流域水文模拟的尺度和参数化问题的潜力已经得到重视,但仍需开展尺度效应研究,通过野外观测事实和大量理论分析成果为此项研究提供支撑.     

辽河三角洲地貌演化(英文)

This paper mainly analyzes the geomorphological changes of the tidal deposition in the Liaohe Estuary based on the multi-year bathymetric charts in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2005 and Landsat TM images in 1987, 1994, 2002 and 2005. Evolution of the tidal depositional system during the past 20 years in the Liaohe River was studied on the basis of 50 boreholes drilling and 30 km shallow stratigraphic exploration from 2002 to 2005. The main tidal depositional body of the modern Liaohe River delta is located in the Shuangtaizihe Estuary. The stratum within the depth of 10 m includes tidal bank facies, tidal channel facies and neritic facies with paleo-delta facies underlying them. The sediments of tidal bank facies are mainly composed of sand and silt with siltation load and suspended load of about 50% respectively in proportion. The sediment of tidal channel facies and neritic facies is composed of clayey silt and silty clay which belongs to suspended load. The study area was a small bay between the old Daliaohe River, the old Dalinghe River and the Raoyanghe River complex delta since the Holocene to 1896. Many tidal banks formed and expanded rapidly after the Shuangtaizihe River was excavated by labor in 1896. The runoff and sediment discharge have decreased since the construction of brake at the Shuangtaizihe River in 1958.The Shuangtaizihe Estuary is in the state of deposition as a whole whose tidal bank is increasing and expanding southward, westward and northward. The maximum expansion speed is 87 to 683 m/a and the mean depositional rate is 0.189 m/a. Erosion occurred in some part of tidal bank with average erosional rate of 0.122 m/a. The tidal channel was filled up with sediment at a migration speed of 48–200 m/a. Geomorphologic changes have happened under the combined influences of runoff, ocean dynamics and human activities. The main source of sediment changes from river sediment to sediment driven by tidal current and longshore current.     

利用海面全极化微波辐射获取毛细重力波谱的研究

通常利用双尺度模型计算海面微波辐射的原则是, 先计算大波斜率密度函数对电磁扰动权函数的影响, 再引入海面毛细重力波谱的效应. 电磁扰动权函数与海面毛细重力波谱无关, 而且海浪长波谱和毛细重力波谱可以根据分界波数分开计算; 依据这一点, 推导并获得了一个简单的计算海面微波辐射的新模型. 依据该模型, 海面微波辐射可以表示为电磁扰动权函数对海面曲率谱的积分, 其优点是电磁扰动权函数和海面曲率谱对亮温的作用可以进行分解研究. 基于该模型, 进一步讨论了利用多频全极化辐射计反演海面毛细重力波谱的可行性.     

几种岩石强度准则的对比分析

采用常规三轴试验数据,以最小平均拟合差为评价指标定量地对比分析5种强度准则描述岩石非线性强度特征的适用性。结果表明：直线型Mohr-Coulomb准则不能描述岩石强度的非线性特征;抛物线型Mohr-Coulomb虽能描述岩石强度的非线性特征,但拟合误差较大,计算所得强度参数与事实不符,不宜使用;对于中低围压（ ）下岩石强度的非线性特征,单参数Bieniawski准则拟合精度与Hoek-Brown准则相当或稍好,拟合精度接近于指数强度准则,均优于双参数Bieniawski准则;在高围压下岩石强度非线性特征较为显著,应用单参数Bieniawski 准则或Hoek-Brown准则描述误差较大,三参数Bieniawski准则和指数强度准则拟合误差较小,可用于评价深部或特深部高应力状态下岩石的强度特征。     

基于H-P滤波法、ARIMA和VAR模型的库区滑坡位移综合预测

受库水位涨落及降雨等影响,库区滑坡位移表现出明显的周期性。基于位移时间序列分析,将滑坡监测位移分解为趋势项与周期项之和。趋势项反映滑坡变形的长期趋势,其主要受滑坡本身地质结构等因素影响。周期项反映滑坡变形的波动性,其主要受外部因素影响。以三峡库区巫山塔坪滑坡为例,考虑长江水位与降雨量影响,采用H-P滤波法从滑坡位移中分解出趋势项及周期项,利用差分自回归滑动平均模型（ARIMA）对趋势项进行平稳处理并计算趋势项预测值,利用向量自回归模型（VAR）计算周期项预测值。趋势项预测值与周期项预测值之和为滑坡位移预测值。与实际监测值及多种方法分析比较,表明综合预测所得结果能较好反映滑坡变形的趋势性和波动性,位移预测效果较好。     

三次样条函数在水文泥沙颗粒分析中的应用

在水文泥沙颗粒分析中,为整理出成果表,首先要根据分析数据手工绘制颗粒级配曲线,再从曲线上查得沙样小于相应粒径级别的沙重百分数,然后再根据所查得的数据进行加权平均计算等一系列工序,最后才得到成果表,其过程繁琐、效率低下、误差大,容易出错.本文阐述了在计算机上如何利用三次样条函数用数学的方法绘制颗分曲线,并计算出小于各粒径级别的沙重百分数的方法.     

北京房价4个月涨1840元 均价1．228万元／平米

今年前4月份,北京房价均价开始出现小幅度上涨。近日,记者统计北京房地产交易管理网数据显示,今年1～4月份每个月平均房价都环比上涨,其中4月份比1月上涨了1840元／平方米,4月份均价12280元／平方米。     

对"一种快速求场地平均高程的好方法"的程序改进

<测绘通报>2004年第9期所刊登"一种快速求场地平均高程的好方法"一文中提供的求场地平均高程之Auto LISP程序,在使用中有不便之处.     

Physical model experiments for sediment supply to the old Rhine through induced bank erosion

A mobile-bed, undistorted physical model （1：40） has been used to investigate different sediment supply strategies to the Old Rhine through bank protection removal and modifications of groyne dimensions and configuration, which cause bank erosion. This trained channel was previously the main bed of the upper Rhine downstream of Basel （Switzerland）, but it has an artificially low flow regime since the construction of the Grand Canal d＇Alsace, a navigation canal, and a flow control dam at Kembs （France）. Training works and subsequent channel incision have also greatly reduced sediment transport rates and created a heavily armoured bed. The modelled pilot site has a groyne field on the left bank. Results show that the currently existing groynes at the site are not effective in creating high bank-side velocities conducive to bank erosion, even for flow rates significantly higher than the mean annual flow rate. The river bank has also proved to be more resistant than previously thought, allowing long stretches of bank protection to be safely removed. The physical model testing process has produced a new configuration for the groyne field, where two higher, larger island groynes are placed further apart than the three existing attached groynes. This innovative approach has proved effective, causing bank erosion for flow rates below the mean annual flow rate, with consistent erosion being observed. It has also been found that such a configuration does not pose a hazard for the Grand Canal d＇Alsace, which is situated next to the Old Rhine, through excessive bank erosion during high flow events.